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Biology: The Unity and Diversity o...
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Drugs with names that end in “–mab” consist of antibodies, and the research that yields these medications typically begins with mice. A mouse is injected with a molecule or interest: a human cytokine, for example, or a receptor implicated in cancer. The resulting antibody mediated response produces a set of antibodies that recognize different parts or the molecule. B cells are harvested from the mouse’s spleen, fused with cancerous B cells, and then cloned—isolated and cultivated separately. Each of the resulting cell lines produces identical antibodies that bind to one part of the injected molecule. These antibodies are called monoclonal antibodies, and they can be purified and studied for use as drugs.
Monoclonal antibodies can be effective drugs, but only in the immediate term. Antibodies produced by one’s own immune system can last up to about six months in the bloodstream, but monoclonals delivered in passive immunization often last for less than a week. Why the difference?
To explain: The reason why the antibody produced by one’s own immune system can last up to about six months in the bloodstream but the monoclonal delivered in the passive immunization last for less than a week.
Concept introduction: Passive immunity is the administration of the antibodies to an unimmunized person from an immune subject. It provides a temporary protection against the microbial agent or toxin. Monoclonal antibody is passive immunization which will provide a temporarily induced immunity. Monoclonal antibodies are made by the identical immune cells which are all clones of a unique parent cell. They are being used to treat some type of cancers.
The human body recognizes the antibody produced by its own antibody as self. However, the antibody, other than this is recognized as foreign. The IgG antibody from one’s own immune system is recognized as self and is not destroyed. Due to this reason the response to these antibodies is longer-term. And they have the ability to last about six months in the bloodstream...
Chapter 37 Solutions
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