Concept explainers
Consider a light wave passing through a slit and propagating toward a distant screen. Figure P37.53 shows the intensity variation for the pattern on the screen. Give a mathematical argument that more than 90% of the transmitted energy is in the central maximum of the diffraction pattern. Suggestion: You are not expected to calculate the precise percentage, but explain the steps of your reasoning. You may use the identification
Figure P37.53
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 37 Solutions
EBK PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEER
- Diffraction can be used to provide a quick test of the size of red blood cells. Blood is smeared onto a slide, and a laser shines through the slide. The size of the cells is very consistent, so the multiple diffraction patterns overlap and produce an overall pattern that is similar to what a single cell would produce. Ideally, the diameter of a red blood cell should be between 7.5 and 8.0 μm. If a 633 nm laser shines through a slide and produces a pattern on a screen 24.0 cm distant, what range of sizes of the central maximum should be expected? Values outside this range might indicate a health concern and warrant further study.arrow_forwardLight of several wavelengths strikes a thin film of index 1.4. The thickness of the thin film is 320 nm and sits on awater, which has an index of refraction of 1.33. Which wavelength will produce the least reflected light: 440 nm or580 nm? Include a diagram. Clearly outline the steps of your thought process. This is a old study question that I am stuck on.arrow_forwardIn the figure, first-order reflection from the reflection planes shown occurs when an x-ray beam of wavelength 0.820 nm makes an angle θ = 62.3˚ with the top face of the crystal. What is the unit cell size a0?arrow_forward
- Question A4 The mineral schreibersite is often found in iron-nickel meteorites. One sample was found to have a body-centred tetragonal structure with a = 9.0168 Å and c = 4.4491 Å. Calculate the scattering angle and the multiplicity for the first (lowest 0) diffraction peak, using Cu Ka radiation of wavelength X = 1.5406 Å.arrow_forwardThe following schematic shows the standing wave effect during the photolithography process. The UV light source has a wavelength of 360nm. If the refractive index (n) of the photoresist (PR) is 1.5. What is the thickness of the photoresist? PR tarrow_forwardGallium arsenide (GaAs) is an expensive alloy used for high performance multijunction solar cells. A certain GaAs absorber layer is designed to absorb 95% of the incident red light = 700 nm. The complex refractive index of GaAs at this wavelength is given by ñGaAs = 3.77+ i0.141. By what fraction can the thickness of the GaAs absorber layer be decreased, if we introduce a lambertian scatterer at the front of the absorber layer and an ideal reflector at the back? Give a percentage [%]arrow_forward
- Your physics study partner tells you that the width of the central bright band in a single-slit diffraction pattern is inversely proportional to the width of the slit. This means that the width of the central maximum increases when the width of the slit decreases. The claim seems counterintuitive to you, so you make measurements to test it. You shine monochromatic laser light with wavelength λ onto a very narrow slit of width a and measure the width w of the central maximum in the diffraction pattern that is produced on a screen 1.50 m from the slit. (By “width,” you mean the distance on the screen between the two minima on either side of the central maximum.) Your measurements are given in the table. (a) If w is inversely proportional to a, then the product aw is constant, independent of a. For the data in the table, graph aw versus a. Explain why aw is not constant for smaller values of a. (b) Use your graph in part (a) to calculate the wavelength λ of the laser light. (c) What is…arrow_forwarda beam of white light is shined at normal incidence onto the outside of a soap bubble (index of soap solution = 1.340). An observer looking at the bubble, opposite to the direction of the beam, notices that green light (Lambda = 555.0 nm) is particularly bright in the reflected spectrum. What is the second thinnest wall thickness of the bubble?arrow_forwardA beam of x rays with wavelengths ranging from 0.120 nm to 0.0700 nm scatters from a family of reflecting planes in a crystal. The plane separation is 0.250 nm. It is observed that scattered beams are produced for 0.100 nm and 0.0750 nm.What is the angle between the incident and scattered beams?arrow_forward
- At the metal fabrication company where you work, you are asked to measure the diameter D of a very small circular hole in a thin, vertical metal plate. To do so, you pass coherent monochromatic light with wavelength 562 nm through the hole and observe the diffraction pattern on a screen that is a distance x from the hole. You measure the radius r of the first dark ring in the diffraction pattern. You make the measurements for four values of x. Your results are given in the table. (a) Use each set of measurements to calculate D. Because the measurements contain some error, calculate the average of the four values of D and take that to be your reported result. (b) For x = 1.00 m, what are the radii of the second and third dark rings in the diffraction pattern?arrow_forwardWhat is the radius of the beam of an argon laser with wavelength 454.6 nm when viewed 50.0 km away from the laser if the lasers aperture has a radius of 3.00 mm?arrow_forwardThe hydrogen line at 1420.4 MHz corresponds to the natural frequency of neutral hydrogen atoms and plays an important role in radio astronomy. What size dish is required so that a radio telescope receives this frequency with an angular resolution of 0.0500?arrow_forward
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage LearningUniversity Physics Volume 3PhysicsISBN:9781938168185Author:William Moebs, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStaxModern PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781111794378Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. MoyerPublisher:Cengage Learning