EP CAMPBELL BIO.IN FOCUS AP-MOD.MASTER.
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780137453092
Author: Urry
Publisher: SAVVAS L
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Chapter 37, Problem 7TYU
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The change that would occur in the resting potential if a neuron is treated with Ouabain, which disables the sodium-potassium pump.
Concept introduction:
Ouabain is a compound that is toxic in nature and is obtained from certain trees. It is used as a stimulant of the heart.
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If one increases the intracellular concentration of Na+ around a neuron, what would happen to the resting membrane potential?
I am not sure
No effect
Becomes more positive
Less positive
WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodiumchannels to remain inactivated longer after an actionpotential. How would this affect the frequency at whichaction potentials could be generated? Explain.
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If one increases the intracellular concentration of Na+ around a neuron, what would happen to the resting membrane potential?
Ion
Extracellular Concentration (mM)
Intracellular Concentration (mM)
Na+
440
50
K+
20
400
Cl-
560
52
Ca++
10
1
I am not sure
No effect
Becomes more positive
Less positive
Chapter 37 Solutions
EP CAMPBELL BIO.IN FOCUS AP-MOD.MASTER.
Ch. 37.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.1 - Describe the basic pathway of information flow...Ch. 37.1 - WHAT IF? How might increased branching of an axon...Ch. 37.2 - Under what circumstances could ions flow through...Ch. 37.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose a cells membrane potential shifts...Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 37.3 - How do action potentials and graded potentials...Ch. 37.3 - In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros,...Ch. 37.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 37.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodium...
Ch. 37.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.4 - Organophosphate pesticides work by inhibiting...Ch. 37.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Name one or more membrane...Ch. 37 - What happens when a resting neuron's membrane...Ch. 37 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 37 - Why are action potentials usually conducted in one...Ch. 37 - Which of the following is a direct result of...Ch. 37 - Suppose a particular neurotransmitter causes an...Ch. 37 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 37 - DRAW IT Suppose a researcher inserts a pair of...Ch. 37 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 37 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION An action potential is an...Ch. 37 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 37 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The rattlesnake alerts...
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- Action Potential of Neurons Worksheet 1. Explain how an action potential and graded potential are different. Where do they occur on a neuron? How long does each last? What kind of gates is each process using? 2. Describe the following in your own words a. resting potential C. hyperpolarization e. threshold 9. 3. What triggers an action potential? What happens to the membrane to trigger an action potential? 4. What is a positive feedback loop? How does a neuron create a positive feedback loop (self- propagation) 5. What is the role of the voltage-gated sodium channels for producing an action potential? 6. What is the role of the voltage-gated potassium channels? 7. What would happen if the voltage gated sodium channels a. Never opened? b. Stayed open longer than normal? 8. What is the absolute refractory period? What is the relative refractory period? Consider the following three diagrams of a nerve cell membrane. They show resting potential, depolarization, and hyperpolarization.…arrow_forwardmembrane potential -70mV time Which of the statements below describe a situation in which the change in membrane potential above could cause the firing of an action potential? Select all that apply. If the potential is counteracted by an IPSP. If the neuron is in the relative refractory period. If the potential is strong enough to bring the axon hillock to threshold. If the potential is supplemented by a simultaneous (or near- simultaneous) EPSP.arrow_forwardPlease ASAP. Thank you. A hypothetical neuronal cell shows the following intracellular and extracellular concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride ions. Extracellular concentration (mM) Intracellular concentration (mM) (Ion)out/ (Ion)inside E ion at 37 oC Sodium ion 420 60 Potassium ion 25 420 Calcium ion 16 0.4 Chloride 565 45 How does increase in the extracellular potassium concentration to 250 mM affect the Nernst potential? Why?arrow_forward
- 3 If an axon ([Na+]in = 200 mM) is bathed in solution consisting of [Na+]out = 10 mM, will there be an action potential if a supra-threshold stimulus (changed Vm to -20 mV with opening of Na channels) is injected into the axon?arrow_forwardAction Refractory potential period 50 6. 50 9. 5. -10. -100 2 3 4 Time (milliseconds) 1 5 6 7 Action Potential in a Neuron Place the number from the graph that matches the description in the blank below. The voltage gated sodium channels are open. The threshold level of the neuron is represented by the number: The sodium channels have closed. The potassium channels are open and potassium ions are flowing out. The potassium channels are slow to close. The membrane potential is more negative than the resting membrane potential. Membrane Potential (mV)arrow_forwardvoltmeter microelectrode electrode Giant squid axon A voltmeter was used to measure the potential difference across the cell membrane of a giant squid axon. Which of the following best explains the voltmeter reading? Select one: a. The threshold potential has not been reached. b. The sodium potassium exchange pumps are working to take out the sodium ions and bring in the potassium ions. c. The potassium ions have rushed out of the axon, and the potassium channels are slow to shut down. d. The sodium ions have rushed into the axon, and the sodium channels are closing.arrow_forward
- Compound X has been shown to block voltage-gated K+ channels with an IC50 of 0.1 mM. Which of the following is the most likely to occur in neurones following application of 0.03 mM X? Action potentials would be prolonged and the resting potential would be depolarised. Action potentials would be prolonged but the resting potential would remain the same. Neither resting potential nor action potentials would be affected because the concentration of X is less than the IC50 value. The resting membrane potential would depolarise but there would be no effect on action potentials.arrow_forwardQuick question on the process of movement Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which the peripheral neurons lose their myelin sheath. In this disease, voluntary movement of the limbs is slowed because; Pick the ones that are true the rate of opening of ligand-gated Na+ channels is decreased. the generation of the action potential is blocked at points along the unmyelinated region due to the absence of voltage-gated channels the action potential amplitude is degraded at the Nodes of Ranvier of the peripheral neuron. The Schwann cells are targeted and destroyed by the immune system, affecting saltatory propagation. the rate of opening of ligand-gated Na+ channels is decreased.arrow_forwardA theoretical drug blocks Na* leak channels - what effect would this have on a neuron's resting membrane potential and why? Would this drug affect the neuron's ability to generate an action potential and why/why not?arrow_forward
- 11. Sodium, chloride, and potassium ions are involved in setting up voltages across neuronal membranes. a. Describe the equilibrium potential and resting membrane potential in your own words. How would you find the equilibrium potential of sodium? What else would you have to consider to find the resting membrane potential? b. How does the membrane potential change in response to opening selectively permeable chloride channels (assuming Ec is more negative than Vrest)? C. How does the membrane potential change in response to opening selectively permeable sodium channels instead (assuming Ena is more positive than Vrest)? d. Describe a situation in which chloride ions can result in the same change in membrane potential as the sodium ions in the question above.arrow_forwardIn terms of Na and K ion gradient /movement - what causes the action potential (positive charge peak) inside the cell membrane? - What are the approximate Na and K concentration changes (mMoles) during /after the action potential and what is the directional move of each ion in relation to the cell membrane? - What is the duration of an action potential ? or....over what period of time does the peak rise and fall ? - use proper units.arrow_forwardBased on the same attached figure as in question 1 above (Figure 6.8A-B in your textbook) describing the NMDA receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel for glutamate, why does the current versus voltage response described by the red line go from near zero to a negative current at around -50 mV? (A) Channel pore Glutamate Mg2+ (B) EPSC (PA) 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 Hyperpolarized, Mg2+ blocks ORA Glutamate + Mg2+ 0/ + Na Ca²+ Glutamate, no Mg2+ Depolarized, no Mg2+ block while K+ 100 Mg2+arrow_forward
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