Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133910605
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 38, Problem 2MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The target cells are specialized cells with receptors which are able to bind to particular chemical messenger or hormones. The binding of chemical messenger to the receptors on target cells induces a specific response.
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A hormone differs from a neurotransmitter in thata. hormones act extracellularly, whereas neurotransmitters act withinthe cell that synthesized them.b. hormones are released only by neurons, whereas neurotransmittersare released by many different types of cells.c. hormones cause only fast responses (seconds or less) to stimuli,whereas neurotransmitters cause slow responses (minutes to hours)to stimuli.d. hormones affect only epithelial cells, whereas neurotransmittersaffect only muscle cells.e. hormones are released into the bloodstream and can activate manycells in many parts of the body, whereas neurotransmitters arereleased by neurons and affect adjacent cells.
When a hormone binds to a nuclear receptora. DNA produces mRNA.b. G proteins are activated.c. the hormone-receptor complex causes ion channels to open or close.d. the cell’s response is faster than when a hormone binds to a membranebound receptor.e. the hormone is usually a large, water-soluble molecule
When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell,
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Chapter 38 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
Ch. 38.1 - describe the four methods of communication between...Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 38.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 38.2 - Insulin is a large, water-soluble hormone that...Ch. 38.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 38.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 38.2 - explain the processes of negative and positive...Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 38.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 38.3 - Prob. 1ET
Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 38.3 - A common test of thyroid gland function is to...Ch. 38.3 - explain how negative feedback regulates the...Ch. 38.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 38.3 - Endocrine disruptors have most frequently been...Ch. 38 - A student rescan, her decides to perform an...Ch. 38 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 38 - Prob. 1MCCh. 38 - Which chemical class of hormones usually attaches...Ch. 38 - Prob. 2ACCh. 38 - Most endocrine hormones fall into three chemical...Ch. 38 - Prob. 2MCCh. 38 - Prob. 2RQCh. 38 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 38 - Steroid hormones include a. testosterone. b....Ch. 38 - Prob. 3RQCh. 38 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 38 - Prob. 4MCCh. 38 - Prob. 4RQCh. 38 - The pancreas releases the hormone _________ when...Ch. 38 - Prob. 5MCCh. 38 - Prob. 5RQCh. 38 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 38 - Prob. 6RQCh. 38 - The adrenal cortex releases three major types of...
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- According to the second messenger hypothesis, the second messenger is theea. Receptor located on the cell membrane b. Hormone carrying the signal to the target organ c. Intracellular chemical messenger d. Receptor located in the cell nucleus e. All of the above Which hormone has a receptor that is structurally similar to estrogen receptor? a. Insulin b. Epinephrine c. FSH d. Thyroid hormonearrow_forwardSecond messengers amplify a hormone’s signal bya. increasing its production.b. stabilizing the hormone’s structure.c. triggering an enzyme cascade.d. activating interfering mRNA.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following best describes the characteristics of an autocrine hormone? Select one: a. Released into bloodstream b. Acts on neighboring cells c. Acts on same cells to amplify signals d. Acts on target cells far away from site of synthesis e. Diffuses across the synaptic junctionarrow_forward
- The action of steroid hormones is different from that of peptide hormones becausea. peptide hormones must enter the cell to begin action, whereas steroid hormones must begin action on the external surface of the cell membrane.b. steroid hormones must enter the cell to begin action, whereas peptide hormones must begin action on the external surface of the cell membrane.c. peptide hormones produce a hormone receptor complex that works directly on the DNA, whereas steroid hormones cause the release of a secondary messenger that triggers enzymes.d. None of these answers is correct.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about polypeptide hormones is false?a. They bind to receptors located on the cell membrane.b. Most of them are lipophilic.c. They are the most abundant class of hormones.d. They normally activate second messengers.e. They bind noncovalently to receptors.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is truc a. Neurotransmitters must bind to a receptor to exert an action on a cell but hormones do not have to bind to a receptor to exert an action b. The nervous system effects are longer lasting than the endocrine system c. The nervous system effects are faster to respond than the endocrine system d. The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream similar to how the endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstreamarrow_forward
- which of the following happens when a therapeutic synthetic homone is introduced intno the body to treat patients natural hormone insufficiency?(select all that apply) A. The target cell responds the same way as when the hormone is natural B. the synthetic hormone has no effect on the target tissues C. the amount of natural hormone produced by the patients body declines D. the synthetic hormone is destroyed before it can have an effect on the target tissue.arrow_forwardThe actions of lipid-soluble hormones include a. activation or inhibition of enzymatic pathways. b. binding with a hormone-responsive element. c. muscle contraction or relaxation. d. stimulation of cellular secretions.arrow_forwardwhat happens to a water souble hormone after it binds to a receptor on the target cell? select all that apply A. the hormone unbinds the receptor or pops back off B. the hormone is broken down by an enzyme C. the hormone is transported into the cell where it is destroyed by enzymes d. the hormones is transported into the cell where it promotes transcription.arrow_forward
- The immediate effect of a steroid hormone on a cell is the: a. formation of cAMP. b. increase of enzyme-controlled intracellular reactions. c. transcription of RNA. d. activation of adenyl cyclase.arrow_forwardSteroid hormones a. can diffuse through the membrane without a carrier. b. have a direct effect on gene expression. c. bind to membrane receptors. d. Both a and b are correct.arrow_forwardWhat is the principal difference of endocrine system from other signaling systems? Select one: A. Endocrine signals diffuse to neighboring target cells. B. Endocrine signals produce self-activation of the secreting cells. C. Endocrine system uses cell-cell contact to transduce signals. D. Endocrine signals are delivered by blood. E. Endocrine signals always generate faster responses in target cells.arrow_forward
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