Bundle: Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update, 9th Loose-leaf Version + WebAssign Printed Access Card, Multi-Term
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305714892
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 38, Problem 38.29P
The laser in a compact disc player must precisely follow the spiral track on CD, along which the distance between one loop of the spiral and the next is only about 1.25 µm. Figure P38.29 (page 1186) shows how a diffraction grating is used to provide information to keep the beam on track. The laser light passes through a diffraction grating before it reaches the CD. The strong central maximum of the diffraction pattern is used to read the information in the track of pits. The two first-order side maxima are designed to fall on the flat surfaces on both sides of the information track and are used for steering. As long as both beams are reflecting from smooth, nonpitted .surfaces, they are detected with constant high intensity. If the main beam wanders off the track, however, one of the side beams begins to strike pits on the information track and the reflected light diminishes. This change is used with an electronic circuit to guide the beam back to the desired location. Assume the laser light has a wavelength of 780 11m and the diffraction grating is positioned 6.90 µm from tike disk. Assume the first-order beams are to fall on the CD 0.400 µm on either side of the information track. What should be the number of grooves per millimeter in the grating?
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In the lab, you want to use a spectrometer to study the emission spectrum of a gas. This device works by having the light go through a diffraction grating and then carefully measuring the angle at which the light exits the grating. The problem is that the grating that you have is not labeled, so you do not know the spacing. To calibrate the spectrometer, you send a HeNe laser (wavelength 632.8nm) through the grating and observe it to exit at an angle of 37.6° in the second order by this grating. (For obscure technical reasons, the first order is not observable.) Light from the gas is then measured to be deflected by 34.9° in the second order. What is the wavelength of the light that is to be measured?
Q1/ A/ Consider a resonator consisting of two concave spherical mirrors both with radius of curvature 4 m and separated by a distance of 1 m. Calculate the minimum beam diameter of the TEMy mode at the resonator center and on the mirrors when the laser oscillation is Art laser wavelength 2=514.5 nm. Then, Find if this cavity is stable or not. B/ One of the mirrors in A is replaced by a concave mirror of 1.5m radius of curvature, calculate the position of minimum beam radius. Then calculate the beam waist and radius of curvature at 150 cm from M1.
Consider a light wave passing through a slit and propagating
toward a distant screen. Figure P37.53 shows the intensity
variation for the pattern on the screen. Give a mathematical
argument that more than 90% of the transmitted energy is
in the central maximum of the diffraction pattern. Sugges-
tion: You are not expected to calculate the precise percent-
age, but explain the steps of your reasoning. You may use
the identification
1
1
8
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asine
-3T -27 -T
27 37 A
Figure P37.53
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Chapter 38 Solutions
Bundle: Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update, 9th Loose-leaf Version + WebAssign Printed Access Card, Multi-Term
Ch. 38 - Suppose the slit width in Figure 37.4 is made half...Ch. 38 - Consider the central peak in the diffraction...Ch. 38 - Cats eyes have pupils that can be modeled as...Ch. 38 - Suppose you are observing a binary star with a...Ch. 38 - Ultraviolet light of wavelength 350 nm is incident...Ch. 38 - A polarizer for microwaves can be made as a grid...Ch. 38 - You are walking down a long hallway that has many...Ch. 38 - Certain sunglasses use a polarizing material to...Ch. 38 - What is most likely to happen to a beam of light...Ch. 38 - In Figure 38.4, assume the slit is in a barrier...
Ch. 38 - A Fraunhofer diffraction pattern is produced on a...Ch. 38 - Consider a wave passing through a single slit....Ch. 38 - Assume Figure 38.1 was photographed with red light...Ch. 38 - If plane polarized light is sent through two...Ch. 38 - Why is it advantageous to use a large-diameter...Ch. 38 - What combination of optical phenomena causes the...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.10OQCh. 38 - When unpolarized light passes through a...Ch. 38 - Off in the distance, you see the headlights of a...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.1CQCh. 38 - Holding your hand at arms length, you can readily...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.3CQCh. 38 - (a) Is light from the sky polarized? (b) Why is it...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.5CQCh. 38 - If a coin is glued to a glass sheet and this...Ch. 38 - Fingerprints left on a piece of glass such as a...Ch. 38 - A laser produces a beam a few millimeters wide,...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.9CQCh. 38 - John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh (1842-1919),...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.11CQCh. 38 - Prob. 38.12CQCh. 38 - Light of wavelength 587.5 nm illuminates a slit of...Ch. 38 - Heliumneon laser light ( = 632.8 nm) is sent...Ch. 38 - Sound with a frequency 650 Hz from a distant...Ch. 38 - A horizontal laser beam of wavelength 632.8 nm has...Ch. 38 - Coherent microwaves of wavelength 5.00 cm enter a...Ch. 38 - Light of wavelength 540 nm passes through a slit...Ch. 38 - A screen is placed 50.0 cm from a single slit,...Ch. 38 - A screen is placed a distance L from a single slit...Ch. 38 - Assume light of wavelength 650 nm passes through...Ch. 38 - What If? Suppose light strikes a single slit of...Ch. 38 - A diffraction pattern is formed on a screen 120 cm...Ch. 38 - Coherent light of wavelength 501.5 nm is sent...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.13PCh. 38 - The pupil of a cats eye narrows to a vertical slit...Ch. 38 - The angular resolution of a radio telescope is to...Ch. 38 - A pinhole camera has a small circular aperture of...Ch. 38 - The objective lens of a certain refracting...Ch. 38 - Yellow light of wavelength 589 nm is used to view...Ch. 38 - What is the approximate size of the smallest...Ch. 38 - A heliumneon laser emits light that has a...Ch. 38 - To increase the resolving power of a microscope,...Ch. 38 - Narrow, parallel, glowing gas-filled tubes in a...Ch. 38 - Impressionist painter Georges Seurat created...Ch. 38 - A circular radar antenna on a Coast Guard ship has...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.25PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.26PCh. 38 - Consider an array of parallel wires with uniform...Ch. 38 - Three discrete spectral lines occur at angles of...Ch. 38 - The laser in a compact disc player must precisely...Ch. 38 - A grating with 250 grooves/mm is used with an...Ch. 38 - A diffraction grating has 4 200 rulings/cm. On a...Ch. 38 - The hydrogen spectrum includes a red line at 656...Ch. 38 - Light from an argon laser strikes a diffraction...Ch. 38 - Show that whenever white light is passed through a...Ch. 38 - Light of wavelength 500 nm is incident normally on...Ch. 38 - A wide beam of laser light with a wavelength of...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.37PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.38PCh. 38 - Potassium iodide (Kl) has the same crystalline...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.40PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.41PCh. 38 - Why is the following situation impossible? A...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.43PCh. 38 - The angle of incidence of a light beam onto a...Ch. 38 - Unpolarized light passes through two ideal...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.46PCh. 38 - You use a sequence of ideal polarizing niters,...Ch. 38 - An unpolarized beam of light is incident on a...Ch. 38 - The critical angle for total internal reflection...Ch. 38 - For a particular transparent medium surrounded by...Ch. 38 - Three polarizing plates whose planes are parallel...Ch. 38 - Two polarizing sheets are placed together with...Ch. 38 - In a single-slit diffraction pattern, assuming...Ch. 38 - Laser light with a wavelength of 632.8 nm is...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.55APCh. 38 - Prob. 38.56APCh. 38 - Prob. 38.57APCh. 38 - Two motorcycles separated laterally by 2.30 m are...Ch. 38 - The Very Large Array (VLA) is a set of 27 radio...Ch. 38 - Two wavelengths and + (with ) are incident on...Ch. 38 - Review. A beam of 541-nm light is incident on a...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.62APCh. 38 - Prob. 38.63APCh. 38 - Prob. 38.64APCh. 38 - Prob. 38.65APCh. 38 - Prob. 38.66APCh. 38 - Prob. 38.67APCh. 38 - A pinhole camera has a small circular aperture of...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.69APCh. 38 - (a) Light traveling in a medium of index of...Ch. 38 - The intensity of light in a diffraction pattern of...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.72APCh. 38 - Two closely spaced wavelengths of light are...Ch. 38 - Light of wavelength 632.8 nm illuminates a single...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.75CPCh. 38 - A spy satellite can consist of a large-diameter...Ch. 38 - Suppose the single slit in Figure 38.4 is 6.00 cm...Ch. 38 - In Figure P37.52, suppose the transmission axes of...Ch. 38 - Consider a light wave passing through a slit and...
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- X-rays incident on a crystal with planes of atoms located 0.378 nm apart produce a diffraction pattern in which a first-order maximum is observed at an angle of 14.2. a. What is the wavelength of the X-rays incident on the crystal? b. How many orders are visible in the diffraction pattern?arrow_forwardlet a beam of x rays of wavelength 0.125 nm be incident on an NaCl crystal at angle u 45.0° to the top face of the crystal and a family of reflecting planes. Let the reflecting planes have separation d = 0.252 nm. The crystal is turned through angle f around an axis perpendicular to the plane of the page until these reflecting planes give diffraction maxima. What are the (a) smaller and (b) larger value of f if the crystal is turned clockwise and the (c) smaller and (d) larger value of f if it is turned counterclockwise?arrow_forwardThe pupil of an eagle's eye has a diameter of 6.0 mm. Two field mice are separated by 0.010 m. From a distance of 166 m, the eagle sees them as one unresolved object and dives toward them at a speed of 24 m/s. Assume that the eagle's eye detects light that has a wavelength of 550 nm in vacuum. How much time passes until the eagle sees the mice as separate objects? t= i eTextbook and Mediaarrow_forward
- A compact disc (CD) is read from the bottom by a semiconductor laser with wavelength 790 nm passing through a plastic substrate of refractive index 1.8. When the beam encounters a pit, part of the beam is reflected from the pit and part from the flat region between the pits, so these two beams interfere with each other. What must the minimum pit depth be so that the part of the beam reflected from a pit cancels the part of the beam reflected from the flat region? (It is this cancellation that allows the player to recognize the beginning and end of a pit.)arrow_forwardAngel is experimenting with a diffraction grating of unknown spacing. He is looking to determine the wavelength of the light in the emission spectrum of a gas and finds that a light having a known wavelength of 602.4nm is deflected by 42.1 ° away from the central maximum in the second order by this grating. Light of the wavelength to be measured is deflected by 45.7° away from the central maximum in the second order. What is the wavelength of this light in nanometers? Please give your answer as a whole number.arrow_forwardWhen an x-ray beam is scattered off the planes of a crystal, the scattered beam creates an interference pattern. This phenomenon is called Bragg scattering. For an observer to measure an interference maximum, two conditions have to be satisfied: 1. The angle of incidence has to be equal to the angle of reflection. 2. The difference in the beam's path from a source to an observer for neighboring planes has to be equal to an integer multiple of the wavelength; that is, 2d sin(0) = mx for m = 1, 2, .... The path difference 2d sin(0) can be determined from the diagram (Figure 1). The second condition is known as the Bragg condition. Figure 1 of 1 d sine d sine Review nstants Part A An x-ray beam with wavelength 0.260 nm is directed at a crystal. As the angle of incidence increases, you observe the first strong interference maximum at an angle 20.5 °. What is the spacing d between the planes of the crystal? Express your answer in nanometers to four significant figures. VE ΑΣΦ ? d = nm…arrow_forward
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Spectra Interference: Crash Course Physics #40; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ob7foUzXaY;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY