Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 38, Problem 3CCQ
A principle of biology is that living organisms maintain homeostasis. How do the opposing actions of insulin and glucagon cooperate to maintain glucose homeostasis? When are these hormones released into the blood? What might happen to a nonfasting mammal if it were injected with a high dose of glucagon?
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A scientist hypothesizes that the pancreas’s hormone production is controlled by neural stimuli. Which observation would support this hypothesis? a. Insulin is produced in response to sudden stress without a rise in blood glucose. b. Insulin is produced in response to a rise in glucagon levels. c. Beta cells express epinephrine receptors. d. Insulin is produced in response to a rise in blood glucose in the brain.
Based on your understanding of the binding of insulin, select all of the following events that you would expect to occur in muscle cells due to insulin binding to receptors.Group of answer choices
a. Glycogen synthesis is activated
b. PFK is stabilized in the R-state and glycolysis is activated
c. GLUT4 (transporters) are increased in concentration at the plasma membrane
d. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate increased levels aid in stabilization of the T-state fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
e. Gluconeogenesis is activated in response to elevated fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels
f. Phosphorylation cascades allow for covalent modifications that would aid in the breakdown of glycogen to allow for increased levels of glucose 6-phosphate in the cell
g. Hexokinase is inhibited so glucose will not be brought into the cell in high amounts
h. Glycogen breakdown pathway is inactivated
It is noticed that when a strain of mice exercises, their blood glucose drops to very low levels. Which of the following can explain this situation?
a) These mice do not make enough insulin
b) these mice lack insulin receptors on their cells
c)these mice lack glucagon
d) these mice cannot synthesize glycogen from glucose
Chapter 38 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38.1 - The synthesis of which class of hormone requires...Ch. 38.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 38.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 38.3 - Prob. 1BCCh. 38.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 38.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 38.4 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 38.5 - Some children with short stature can be...Ch. 38.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 38.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 38.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 38 - Prob. 1TYCh. 38 - Prob. 2TYCh. 38 - Which is false about polypeptide hormones? They...Ch. 38 - Which is false about the control of hormones? Many...Ch. 38 - Prob. 5TYCh. 38 - Prob. 6TYCh. 38 - Prob. 7TYCh. 38 - Prob. 8TYCh. 38 - Prob. 9TYCh. 38 - Prob. 10TYCh. 38 - What is the function of leptin, and what is the...Ch. 38 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 38 - A principle of biology is that living organisms...Ch. 38 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 38 - Discuss the role of the different steroid hormones...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose (sugar) from the blood into most body cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative-feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and the insulin-secreting cells. Therefore, which of the following statements is correct? A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further towers blood glucose concentration. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn lowers blood glucose concentration. A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn increases blood glucose concentration. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further increases blood glucose concentration. None of the preceding is correct.arrow_forwardFigure 16.14 Goiter, a disease caused by iodine deficiency, results in the inability of the thyroid gland to form T3 and T4 . The body typically attempts to compensate by producing greater amounts of TSH. Which of the following symptoms would you expect goiter to cause? a. Hypothyroidism, resulting in weight gain, cold sensitivity, and reduced mental activity. b. Hyperthyroidism, resulting in weight loss, profuse sweating and increased heart rate. C. Hyperthyroidism, resulting in weight gain, cold sensitivity, and reduced mental activity. d. Hypothyroidism, resulting in weight loss, profuse sweating and increased heart rate.arrow_forwardFigure 37.11 Pancreatic tumors may cause excess secretion of glucagon. Type I diabetes results from the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin. Which of the following statement about these two conditions is true? A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will have the opposite effects on blood sugar levels. A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will both cause hyperglycemia. A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will both cause hypoglycemia. Both pancreatic tumors and type I diabetes result in the inability of cells to take up glucose.arrow_forward
- Researchers measured prolactin and growth hormone in the blood plasma of six subjects at regular intervals over a 24-hour period. The investigators were interested in determining if the levels of these two hormones cycle over a 24-hour period. The Figure presents the results of their experiments, with the y axis values showing the amount of each hormone expressed as a percentage of the 24-hour mean value, and each point showing the average of the six subjects levels. FIGURE Mean concentrations of prolactin and growth hormone in plasma, averaged for six subjects and expressed as a percentage of the average concentrations measured for the 24-hour period. Do the results support the hypothesis that the changes in prolactin level over a 24-hour period are associated with the sleepwake cycle? Source: From J. F. Sassin et al. 1972. Human prolactin: 24-hour pattern with increased release during sleep. Science 177:12051207.arrow_forwardThe chemical bisphenol-A (BPA) is used to make plastic bottles and to line cans. Evidence from animal experiments and epidemiological studies indicates that the risk of obesity rises with increased BPA intake. How might the endocrine-disrupting effects of such a chemical influence body weight?arrow_forwardThe hormone thyroxine is given as an oral dose, but insulin needs to be injected into the body. Why?arrow_forward
- A researcher is curious whether 30 minutes of daily exercise can decrease the blood glucose levels back to normal in patients with type 2 diabetes. what would be the Control Group of this?arrow_forwardA new hormone is discovered that binds to receptors on the target surface. Describe the chemical class of hormone that is hormone belong to and explain how you could discern this class? (Subject: Human physiology)arrow_forwardGlucagon is the peptide hormone that signals for the body to release glucose into the bloodstream. How does glucagon contribute to maintaining homeostasis throughout the body? What other hormones are involved in regulating the blood glucose cycle?arrow_forward
- Human growth hormone is being researched as a potential anti-aging drug. What is the most likely way that would scientists produce large amounts of growth hormone?arrow_forwardIslet cells in the pancreas are actively synthesizing and secreting insulin into the bloodstream. A scientist purifies different membranous fractions of these islet cells. In which fraction would she find insulin or its intermediates?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about insulin is not true? a. The insulin receptor has tyrosine kinase activity. b. Insulin increases fat synthesis in adipose cells. c. Insulin increases glycogen synthesis d. Insulin increases gluconeogenesis reactions.arrow_forward
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