Concept explainers
1.
Introduction:
To compute: The predetermined overhead rate using direct labor hours as the allocation based and unit product cost of each model.
2.
Introduction: Job costing is a technique of determine the cost of a manufacturing job rather than the process of the job. Manufacturing overhead is applied to product or job order is determined as predetermined overhead. Absorption costing is used to calculate the cost of product while taking indirect and direct expense into account. Activity based costing assign the cost of all the activity of the organization according to their actual consumption
To compute: The predetermined overhead rate for each four activity cost pools
3.
Introduction: Job costing is a technique of determine the cost of a manufacturing job rather than the process of the job. Manufacturing overhead is applied to product or job order is determined as predetermined overhead. Absorption costing is used to calculate the cost of product while taking indirect and direct expense into account. Activity based costing assign the cost of all the activity of the organization according to their actual consumption
To compute: Total amount of
4.
Introduction: Job costing is a technique of determine the cost of a manufacturing job rather than the process of the job. Manufacturing overhead is applied to product or job order is determined as predetermined overhead. Absorption costing is used to calculate the cost of product while taking indirect and direct expense into account. Activity based costing assign the cost of all the activity of the organization according to their actual consumption
The factors that may account for the company’s declining profit.
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Check out a sample textbook solution- eBook Sales price Variable cost of goods sold Manufacturing margin Variable selling and administrative expenses Contribution margin Fixed manufacturing costs Operating income MHW #9 Chapter 21 Unit volume increase Change in Sales Mix and Contribution Margin Head Pops Inc. manufactures two models of solar-powered, noise-canceling headphones: Sun Sound and Ear Bling models. The company is operating at less than full capacity. Market research indicates that 28,000 additional Sun Sound and 30,000 additional Ear Bling headphones could be sold. The operating income by unit of product is as follows: x Contribution margin per unit Increase in profitability Theck My Work v2.cengagenow.com Head Pops Inc. Analysis Sun Sound Headphones $140.00 (78.40) $61.60 (28.00) $33.60 (14.00) $19.60 Prepare an analysis indicating the increase or decrease in total profitability if 28,000 additional Sun Sound and 30,000 additional Ear Bling headphones are produced and sold, assuming that there is sufficient…arrow_forwardChange in Sales Mix and Contribution Margin Head Pops Inc. manufactures two models of solar-powered, noise-canceling headphones: Sun Sound and Ear Bling models. The company is operating at less than full capacity. Market research indicates that 32,100 additional Sun Sound and 35,600 additional Ear Bling headphones could be sold. The operating income by unit of product is as follows: Sales price Variable cost of goods sold Manufacturing margin Variable selling and administrative expenses Contribution margin Fixed manufacturing costs Operating income Sun Sound Ear Bling Headphones Headphones $30.80 $48.00 (17.20) (26.90) $13.60 $21.10 (6.20) (9.60) $7.40 $11.50 (2.80) (4.30) $4.60 $7.20 Prepare an analysis indicating the increase or decrease in total profitability if 32,100 additional Sun Sound and 35,600 additional Ear Bling headphones are produced and sold, assuming that there is sufficient capacity for the additional production. Round your per unit answers to two decimal place. Head…arrow_forwardChange in Sales Mix and Contribution Margin Head Pops Inc. manufactures two models of solar-powered, noise-canceling headphones: Sun Sound and Ear Bling models. The company is operating at less than full capacity. Market research indicates that 33,600 additional Sun Sound and 36,600 additional Ear Bling headphones could be sold. The income from operations by unit of product is as follows: Sun SoundHeadphones Ear BlingHeadphones Sales price $34.10 $53.20 Variable cost of goods sold 19.10 29.80 Manufacturing margin $15.00 $23.40 Variable selling and administrative expenses 6.80 10.60 Contribution margin $8.20 $12.80 Fixed manufacturing costs 3.10 4.80 Income from operations $5.10 $8.00 Prepare an analysis indicating the increase or decrease in total profitability if 33,600 additional Sun Sound and 36,600 additional Ear Bling headphones are produced and sold, assuming that there is sufficient capacity for the additional production. Round…arrow_forward
- g Enabled: MGMT8500-Midterm Exam - Wednes... Saved Siegel Corporation manufactures a product available in both a deluxe and a regular model. The company has made the regular model for years; the deluxe model was introduced several years ago to capture a new segment of the market. Since the introduction of the deluxe model, the company's profits have steadily declined, and management has become concerned about the accuracy of its costing system. Sales of the deluxe model have been increasing rapidly. Overhead is applied to products on the basis of direct labour-hours. At the beginning of the current year, management estimated that $2,041,000 in overhead costs would be incurred and the company would produce and sell 5,000 units of the deluxe model and 32,000 units of the regular model. The deluxe model requires 2.5 hours of direct labour time per unit, and the regular model requires 1.2 hours. Materials and labour costs follow: Deluxe $125 20 Regular $85 12 Direct materials cost per unit…arrow_forwardOutsourcing Dough, Re, Mi Inc. sells many different types of cookie dough. The company is deciding whether to continue making its own dough or to outsource. If the company outsources, they will eliminate all of the variable overhead and 30% of the fixed manufacturing overhead, but will incur shipping costs. Use the information below to determine whether Dough, Re, Mi Inc. should outsource or not. Data Units Per unit Relevant? Sales price per unit $ Direct materials 119.00 26.00 per unit Direct labor per unit 18.00 Variable manufacturing overhead per unit 14.00 Fixed manufacturing overhead (MOH): per month 30.00 Avoidable fixed MOH per month Unavoidable fixed MOH per month Sales commissions per unit 3.00 Advertising costs per month per unit Purchase price of outsourced product Shipping costs of outsourced product 1.80 59.00 1.00 per unit Costs per unit Incremental analysis Manufacture Variable costs Enter "=0" in the cell for any cost not relevant to the decision. Direct materials…arrow_forwardActivity-Based Customer-Driven Costs Suppose that Stillwater Designs has two classes of distributors: JIT distributors and non-JIT distributors. The JIT distributor places small, frequent orders, and the non-JIT distributor tends to place larger, less frequent orders. Both types of distributors are buying the same product. Stillwater Designs provides the following information about customer-related activities and costs for the most recent quarter: JIT Non-JIT Distributors Distributors Sales orders 1,000 100 Sales calls 70 70 Service calls 350 175 Average order size 650 6,500 Manufacturing cost/unit $125 $125 Customer costs: Processing sales orders $3,230,000 Selling goods 1,120,000 Servicing goods 1,050,000 Total $5,400,000 Required: 1. Calculate the total revenues per distributor category, and assign the customer costs to each distributor type by using revenues as the allocation base. Selling price for one unit is ŝ150. Round calculations to the nearest dollar. JIT Non-JIT Sales (in…arrow_forward
- Preparing variable and absorption costing income statements This problem continues the Piedmont Computer Problem situation from Chapter 20. Piedmont Computer Company manufactures personal computers and tablets. Based on the latest information from the cost accountant, using the current sales mix, the weighted-average sales price per unit is $750 and the weighed-average variable cost per unit is $450. The company does not expect the sales mix to vary for the next year. Assume the beginning balance in Finished Goods Inventory is $0. Additional data for the first month of 2020: Requirements Compute the product cost per unit produced under absorption costing and under variable costing. Prepare income statements for January 2020 using: absorption costing. variable costing. 3. Is operating income higher under absorption costing or variable costing in January? What causes the difference?arrow_forwardActivity-Based Management, Non-Value-Added Costs, Target Costs, Kaizen Costing Joseph Hansen, president of Electronica, Inc., was concerned about the end-of-the-year marketing report that he had just received. According to Asha Kumar, marketing manager, a price decrease for the coming year was again needed to maintain the company's annual sales volume of integrated circuit boards (CBs). This would make a bad situation worse. The current selling price of $27 per unit was producing a $3-per-unit profit—half the customary $6-per-unit profit. Foreign competitors keep reducing their prices. To match the latest reduction would reduce the price from $27 to $21. This would put the price below the cost to produce and sell it. How could the foreign firms sell for such a low price? Determined to find out if there were problems with the company's operations, Joseph decided to hire Ahmed Kumar, a well-known consultant and brother of Asha, who specializes in methods of continuous improvement. Ahmed…arrow_forwardChange in Sales Mix and Contribution Margin Head Pops Inc. manufactures two models of solar-powered, noise-canceling headphones: Sun Sound and Ear Bling models. The company is operating at less than full capacity. Market research indicates that 25,000 additional Sun Sound and 27,500 additional Ear Bling headphones could be sold. The operating income by unit of product is as follows: Sun Sound Ear Bling Headphones Headphones Sales price $28.00 $43.70 Variable cost of goods sold (15.70) (24.50) Manufacturing margin $12.30 $19.20 Variable selling and administrative expenses (5.60) (8.70) Contribution margin $6.70 $10.50 Fixed manufacturing costs (2.50) (3.90) Operating income $4.20 $6.60arrow_forward
- Product pricing and profit analysis with bottleneck operations Hercules Steel Company produces three grades of steel: high, good, and regular grade. Each of these products (grades) has high demand in the market, and Hercules is able to sell as much as it can produce of all three. The furnace operation is a bottleneck in the process and is running at 100% of capacity. Hercules wants to improve steel operation profitability. The variable conversion cost is 15 per process hour. The fixed cost is 200,000. In addition, the cost analyst was able to determine the following information about the three products: The furnace operation is part of the total process for each of these three products. Thus, for example, 4.0 of the 12.0 hours required to process High Grade steel are associated with the furnace. Instructions 1. Determine the unit contribution margin for each product. 2. Provide an analysis to determine the relative product profitability, assuming that the furnace is a bottleneck.arrow_forwardInventory effects under absorption costing BendOR, Inc., manufactures control panels for the electronics industry and has just completed its first year of operations. The following discussion took place between the controller, Gordon Merrick, and the company president, Matt McCray: Matt: Ive been looking over our first years performance by quarters. Our earnings have been increasing each quarter, even though our sales have been flat and our prices and costs have not changed. Why is this? Gordon: Our actual sales have stayed even throughout the year, but weve been increasing the utilization of our factory every quarter. By keeping our factory utilization high, we will keep our costs down by allocating the fixed plant costs over a greater number of units. Naturally, this causes our cost per unit to be lower than it would be otherwise. Matt: Yes, but what good is this if we are unable to sell everything that we make? Our inventory is also increasing. Gordon: This is true. However, our unit costs are lower because of the additional production. When these lower costs are matched against sales, it has a positive impact on our earnings. Matt: Are you saying that we are able to create additional earnings merely by building inventory? Can this be true? Gordon: Well, Ive never thought about it quite that way. . . but I guess so. Matt: And another thing. What will happen if we begin to reduce our production in order to liquidate the inventory? Dont tell me our earnings will go down even though our production effort drops! Gordon: Well. . . Matt: There must be a better way. Id like our quarterly income statements to reflect whats really going on. I dont want our income reports to reward building inventory and penalize reducing inventory. Gordon: Im not sure what I can dowe have to follow generally accepted accounting principles. In teams: a. Discuss why reporting income under generally accepted accounting principles rewards building inventory and penalizes reducing inventory. b. Discuss what advice you would give to Gordon in responding to Matts concern about the present method of accounting. Be prepared to discuss your answers in class.arrow_forwardSegment variable costing income statement and effect on operating income of change in operations Valdespin Company manufactures three sizes of camping tentssmall (S), medium (M), and large (L). The income statement has consistently indicated a net loss for the M size, and management is considering three proposals: (1) continue Size M, (2) discontinue Size M and reduce total output accordingly, or (3) discontinue Size M and conduct an advertising campaign to expand the sales of Size S so that the entire plant capacity can continue to be used. If Proposal 2 is selected and Size M is discontinued and production curtailed, the annual fixed production costs and fixed operating expenses could be reduced by 46,080 and 32,240, respectively. If Proposal 3 is selected, it is anticipated that an additional annual expenditure of 34,560 for the rental of additional warehouse space would yield an additional 130% in Size S sales volume. It is also assumed that the increased production of Size S would utilize the plant facilities released by the discontinuance of Size M. The sales and costs have been relatively stable over the past few years, and they are expected to remain so for the foreseeable future. The income statement for the past year ended June 30, 20Y9, is as follows: Instructions 1. Prepare an income statement for the past year in the variable costing format. Use the following headings: Data for each size should be reported through contribution margin. The fixed costs should be deducted from the total contribution margin, as reported in the Total column, to determine operating income. 2. Based on the income statement prepared in (1) and the other data presented, determine the amount by which total annual operating income would be reduced below its present level if Proposal 2 is accepted. 3. Prepare an income statement in the variable costing format, indicating the projected annual operating income if Proposal 3 is accepted. Use the following headings: Data for each style should be reported through contribution margin. The fixed costs should be deducted from the total contribution margin as reported in the Total column. For purposes of this problem, the expenditure of 34,560 for the rental of additional warehouse space can be added to the fixed operating expenses. 4. By how much would total annual operating income increase above its present level if Proposal 3 is accepted? Explain.arrow_forward
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