Chapter 4, Problem 18Q

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relation of volcanic eruptions to global climate change has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

• Climate is the long term weather pattern of a particular area. Usually measured over one year and this also includes temperature and rainfall. It is expressed in terms of time averages and area averages of meteorological elements. Climate is generalized over a longer span of time and for a longer area.
• Climate change is the long term changes in temperature and precipitation in any specific area in the earth. Climate changes will occurs through natural ways and also in anthropogenic ways.
• Aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets, in air or another gas.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Give proper explanation which describes  how CFCs in the stratosphere relates to global climate change.

Concept Introduction:

• Climate is the long term weather pattern of a particular area. Usually measured over one year and this also includes temperature and rainfall. It is expressed in terms of time averages and area averages of meteorological elements. Climate is generalized over a longer span of time and for a longer area.
• Climate change is the long term changes in temperature and precipitation in any specific area in the earth. Climate changes will occurs through natural ways and also in anthropogenic ways.
• Atmosphere: The atmosphere is defined as air that is layer of gases which surrounds the earth due to gravity of earth.
• The earth atmosphere consists of layers such as thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere and troposphere depending on the temperature and its composition.
• Stratosphere found below the mesosphere layer in which the concentration of ozone and other gases are high. The increasing temperature for this layer with respect to increasing height is due to the presence of high concentration of ozone and other gases in it.
• The increased temperature is due to the response of UV radiation from sun and hence ozone is formed due to this reaction and the use of ozone is that it prevents the UV radiation from the sun which is actually harmful.
• Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC): They are compounds that contain only carbon, fluorine and chlorine with it. They are gases can be easily liquefied, have little ability to react readily, are non-poisonous and do not catch fire easily.