Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605180
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case, Derek Weber, Warner Bair
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 1CAE
Clostridium botulinum is a strict anaerobe; that is, it is killed by the molecular oxygen (O2) present in air. Humans can die of botulism from eating foods in which C. botulinum is growing. How does this bacterium survive on plants picked for human consumption? Why are home-canned foods most often the source of botulism?
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Clostridium botulinum is a strict anaerobe; that is, it is killed by the molecular oxygen (O2) present in air. Humans can die of botulism from eating foods in which C. botulism is growing. How does this bacterium survive on plants picked for human consumption? Why are home-canned foods most often the source of botulism?
To which of the following is the photosynthetic bacterium Chormatium most closely related? Explain why.
a. cyanobacteria
b. Chloroflexus
c. Escherichia
Trichonympha and other microbes supply cellulase, the enzyme needed to break down cellulose, which is the primary chemical constituent of wood and other fibrous plant parts. What ecological consequences would ensue if we did not have trichonympha and other organisms producing this enzyme?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
Ch. 4 - DRAW IT Diagram each of the following flagellar...Ch. 4 - Endospore formation is called (a) _____. It is...Ch. 4 - DRAW IT Draw the bacterial shapes listed in (a),...Ch. 4 - Match the structures in column A to their...Ch. 4 - Why is an endospore called a resting structure? Of...Ch. 4 - Compare and contrast the following a. simple...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7RCh. 4 - Starch is readily metabolized by many cells, but a...Ch. 4 - Match the characteristics of eukaryotic cells in...Ch. 4 - NAME IT What group of microbes is characterized by...
Ch. 4 - Which of the following is not a distinguishing...Ch. 4 - Which statement best describes what happens when a...Ch. 4 - Which statement best describes what happens when a...Ch. 4 - Which statement best describes what happens when a...Ch. 4 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is false about fimbriae? a....Ch. 4 - Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a....Ch. 4 - Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a....Ch. 4 - You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell...Ch. 4 - The antibiotic amphothericin B disrupts plasma...Ch. 4 - How can prokaryotic cells be smaller than...Ch. 4 - The smallest eukaryotic cell is the motile alga...Ch. 4 - Two types of prokaryotic cells have been...Ch. 4 - In 1985, a 0.5-mm cell was discovered in...Ch. 4 - When E. coli cells are exposed to a hypertonic...Ch. 4 - Clostridium botulinum is a strict anaerobe; that...Ch. 4 - A South San Francisco child enjoyed bath time at...Ch. 4 - Live cultures of Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel)...
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- Considering what you know about molds and yeasts, why do you think that we do not use the same nutrient agar used for bacteria to grow yeasts and moldsarrow_forwardAn unknown microbe is found to be able to photosynthesize, but is also able to fix pyruvate for carbon. What is the best description of this organism? a. photoautotroph b. photochemotroph c. photoheterotroph d. chemoheterotropharrow_forwardBacteria that are obligate intracellular pathogens of humans are considered to be Autotrophs Heterotrophs Photosynthetic Hyperthermophiles Chemolithotrophs Which of the following statements best describes the pathogenesis of Clostridium botulinum? It elaborates an exotoxin that is a lecithinase that causes tissue necrosis. It elaborates a toxin that suppresses the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters. It produces a polysaccharide capsule that inhibits phagocytosis and contributes to invasion of the central nervous system. It elaborates a toxin that inhibits the release of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses. It produces a leukotoxin that leads to abscess formation.arrow_forward
- Endospores : A. are a dormant form of a bacterium AND are formed by members of medically relevant groups of bacteria. B. are a form of reproduction AND are formed by members of medically relevant groups of bacteria. C. are a dormant form of a bacterium AND are involved in anaerobic respiration. D. are formed by members of medically relevant groups of bacteria AND are involved in anaerobic respiration.arrow_forwardSome potentially pathogenic bacteria and fungi, including strains of Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Candida, and Aspergillus, can survive for one to three months on a variety of materials found in hospitals, including scrub suits, lab coats, plastic aprons, and computer keyboards. What can hospital personnel do to reduce the spread of these pathogens?arrow_forwardWhich of the following pigment is present incyanobacteria?(a) Chlorophyll ‘a’ (b) Chlorophyll ‘b’(c) Chlorophyll ‘c’ (d) Chlorophyll ‘d’ Please try to break the solutions into as many steps as practically possible and the steps should come one by one and they should be short and crisp and plagiarism-free.arrow_forward
- Bacteria that derive their carbon from carbon dioxide and their energy from the oxidation of inorganic ions are termed what? a. chemolithotrophs b. chemoorganotrophs c. photoautotrophs d. photoheterotrophsarrow_forwardWhy do chemotrophs have to use oxygen? The definition of chemotrophs is = organisms that gain chemical energy by oxidizing bonds. Do the organisms have to oxidize bonds using oxygen?arrow_forwardName bacteria a, b and c. How do plants obtain their nitrogen? How do animals obtain their nitrogen? Name two plants that have nodules on their roots. Name the three ways atmospheric nitrogen can be changed to nitrates. Why do all livings things need nitrogen? In what type of environmental conditions do bacteria B thrive in?arrow_forward
- Why is most decomposition typically anaerobic in the deep waters of lakes and oceans?arrow_forwardGiven what is known about humans, why is it unlikely that a thermophile or a psychrophile would be a human pathogen?arrow_forwardRuminants (like cattle) are herbivores but lack the necessary enzymes to digest cellulose from plants. Part of the digestive tract of ruminants contains a microbial community that can break down cellulose. These microbes gain energy from the plant material, and byproducts of their metabolism provide the host with a source of Carbon and energy. What type of symbiosis does this relationship describe?arrow_forward
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