EBK PHYSICS FUNDAMENTALS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780100265493
Author: Coletta
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 4, Problem 1Q
To determine
The force according to Newton, which is needed to produce the horizontal component of an arrow’s velocity.
Expert Solution & Answer
Answer to Problem 1Q
The horizontal component of an arrow’s velocity is derived from the force applied to the arrow by the bowstring.
Explanation of Solution
Introduction:
According to Newton’s first law, every object continues to be at rest or in the state of uniform motion in a straight line unless an external unbalanced force acts on it.
When an arrow is launched using a bow, the bowstring is pulled, so that energy is stored in it in the form of elastic potential energy. When the string is released, the string exerts a force on the arrow and the arrow gains velocity.
The arrow is initially at rest. The bowstring is pulled and released, keeping the arrow at an angle to the horizontal. If the arrow is launched at an angle, the force exerted on the arrow can be resolved into two components- along the horizontal and the vertical directions. The horizontal component of the force provides the horizontal component of its initial velocity and the vertical component provides the vertical component of its initial velocity. The arrow, thus travels in 2 dimensions, moving both vertically and horizontally.
Conclusion:
Newton’s first law provides an elegant way to explain the two-dimensional motion of the arrow, where the horizontal component of its velocity is provided by the horizontal component of the force exerted on the arrow.
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In the figure, a slab of mass m1 = 40 kg rests on a frictionless floor, and a block of mass m2 = 10 kg rests on top of the slab. Between block and slab, the coefficient of static friction is 0.60, and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.40. A horizontal force F→ of magnitude 104 N begins to pull directly on the block, as shown. In unit-vector notation, what are the resulting accelerations of (a) the block and (b) the slab?
According to Newton's third law, every force is accompanied by an equal and opposite reaction force. The reason that these forces do not cancel each other is ____.
a. the action force acts for a longer time period
b. the two forces are not always in the same direction
c. one of the two forces is greater than the other
d. the two forces act upon different objects; only forces on the same object can balance each other.
e. ... nonsense! They do cancel each other. Objects accelerate because of the presence of a third force.
According to Newton's Second Law, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to
a. its mass
b. the net force acting on it
c. its displacement
d. its position
e. its velocity
Chapter 4 Solutions
EBK PHYSICS FUNDAMENTALS
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