Bundle: Physical Chemistry, 2nd + Student Solutions Manual
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781285257594
Author: David W. Ball
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.11E
Consider a piston whose compression ratio is
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A high pressure gas canister bursts. When the debris is cleared, frost is found to have formed on the metal. A scientist decides to use the ideal gas law to find out how much the temperature of the gas changed when the cylinder burst. Why is this approach incorrect?
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A sample of 2.2 mol CO2(g) is originally confined in 15 dm3 at 280 K and then undergoes adiabatic expansion against a constant pressure of 78.5 kPa until the volume has increased by a factor of 4.0. Calculate ΔT. (The final pressure of the gas is not necessarily 78.5 kPa.)
Chapter 4 Solutions
Bundle: Physical Chemistry, 2nd + Student Solutions Manual
Ch. 4 - List the sets of conditions that allow dS, dU, and...Ch. 4 - Explain why conditions for using S>0 as a strict...Ch. 4 - Explain how the equation dU+pdVTdS0 is consistent...Ch. 4 - Explain why the spontaneity conditions given in...Ch. 4 - Prove that the adiabatic free expansion of an...Ch. 4 - Derive equation 4.6 from equation 4.5.Ch. 4 - Derive equation 4.8 from equation 4.7.Ch. 4 - The third part of equation 4.9 mentions a...Ch. 4 - Calculate A for a process in which 0.160mole of an...Ch. 4 - What is the maximum amount of non-pV work that can...
Ch. 4 - Consider a piston whose compression ratio is 10:1;...Ch. 4 - When one dives, water pressure increases by 1atm...Ch. 4 - Calculate G(25C) for this chemical reaction, which...Ch. 4 - Thermodynamic properties can also be determined...Ch. 4 - Calculate G in two different ways for the...Ch. 4 - Calculate G in two different ways for the...Ch. 4 - For the reaction C(graphite)C(diamond) at 25C,...Ch. 4 - Determine G for the following reaction at 0C and...Ch. 4 - What is the maximum amount of electrical that is,...Ch. 4 - When a person performs work, it is non-pV work....Ch. 4 - Can non-pV work be obtained from a process for...Ch. 4 - Can pV work be obtained from a process for which...Ch. 4 - Batteries are chemical systems that can be used to...Ch. 4 - The value of G for any phase change at constant p...Ch. 4 - The value of G for any phase change at constant p...Ch. 4 - Under what conditions is A=0 for a phase change?...Ch. 4 - Example 4.2 calculated A for one step of a Carnot...Ch. 4 - Can CV and Cp be easily defined using the natural...Ch. 4 - Analogous to equation 4.26, what is the expression...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.30ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.31ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.32ECh. 4 - Although ideally, U=H=0 for a gas-phase process at...Ch. 4 - Use equations 4.21 and 4.25 to explain why H and G...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.35ECh. 4 - Which of the following functions are exact...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.37ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.38ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.39ECh. 4 - Equation 4.19 says that (UV)S=p If we are...Ch. 4 - For an isentropic process, what is the approximate...Ch. 4 - Use the ideal gas law to demonstrate the cyclic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.43ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.44ECh. 4 - Evaluate (U/V)T for an ideal gas. Use the...Ch. 4 - Evaluate (U/V)T for a van der Waals gas. Use the...Ch. 4 - Repeat the previous exercise for a gas that...Ch. 4 - Determine an expression for (p/S)T for an ideal...Ch. 4 - Determine the value of the derivative {[(G)]/T}p...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.50ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.51ECh. 4 - A 0.988-mole sample of argon expands from 25.0L to...Ch. 4 - A 3.66-mol sample of He contracts from 15.5L to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.54ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.55ECh. 4 - Use the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation to demonstrate...Ch. 4 - For the equation 2H2(g)+O2(g)2H2O(g)...Ch. 4 - Use equation 4.46 as an example and find an...Ch. 4 - What is the value of G when 1.00mol of water at...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.60ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.61ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.62ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.63ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.64ECh. 4 - What is the change in the chemical potential of a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.66ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.67ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.68ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.69ECh. 4 - Can equation 4.62 be used to calculate for an...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.71ECh. 4 - Of helium and oxygen gases, which one do you...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.73ECh. 4 - Use equation 4.39 to determine a numerical value...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.75ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.76E
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- At the critical point for carbon dioxide, the substance is very far from being an ideal gas. Prove this statement by calculating the density of an ideal gas in g/cm3 at the conditions of the critical point and comparing it with the experimental value. Compute the experimental value from the fact that a mole of CO2 at its critical point occupies 94 cm3.arrow_forwardWhat is the change in internal energy when a gas contracts from 377mL to 119mLundera pressure of 1550 torr, whileat the same time being cooled by removing 124.0J ofheat energy?arrow_forwardIn the equation w = P V, why is there a negative sign?arrow_forward
- In an air-conditioned room at 19.0 ∘C∘C, a spherical balloon had the diameter of 50.0 cmcm. When taken outside on a hot summer day, the balloon expanded to 51.0 cmcm in diameter. What was the temperature outside? Assume that the balloon is a perfect sphere and that the pressure and number of moles of air molecules remains the same. Express your answer with the appropriate units.arrow_forwardQuestion 2: 1st Law of Thermodynamics (a) When 178 J of energy is supplied as heat to 1.9 mol of gas molecules at constant pressure, the temperature of the sample increases by 1.78 K. Calculate the molar heat capacities at constant pressure and constant volume of the gas. (b) A sample of 4.0 mol O2 (g) is originally confined in 20 dm² at 270 K and then undergoes adiabatic expansion against a constant pressure of 600 Torr until the volume has increased by a factor of 3.0. Calculate q, w, AT, AU and AH.arrow_forwardWhen air expands adiabatically (without gaining or losing heat), its pressure P and volume V are related by the equation PV14 = C where C is a constant. Suppose that at a certain instant the volume is 310 cubic centimeters and the pressure is 87 kPa and is decreasing at a rate of 8 kPa/minute. At what rate in cubic centimeters per minute is the volume increasing at this instant? cm3 min (Pa stands for Pascal it is equivalent to one Newton/(meter squared); kPa is a kiloPascal or 1000 Pascals.arrow_forward
- What if we assumed that the heat capacity of gaseous NH3 is NOT dependent on temperature? Calculate the energy per mole required to be removed from gaseous NH3 from decrease the temperature of the system from 400 °C to 25 ºC. Assume that the heat capacity, Cpm, of NH3 is a constant over the temperature range considered and can be found in Table 2C.7arrow_forwardCalculate the molar heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp) for a diatomic H2 gas(y = 1.41) with molar heat capacity at constant volume (Cv) of 20.42 J/mol-K?arrow_forwardFind out the enthalpy of Helium in kJ/kg if its internal energy is 200 kJ/kg. Then specify the temperature rise associated within the system. (Cp = 5.1926 kJ/kg.K, Cv = 3.1156 kJ/kg.K)arrow_forward
- the ionic compound L2O3(s) is the ionic compound formed from oxygen and a metal with the form L(s) at 1.00 bar and 298 K. (a) Draw the Lewis structure for L2O3. Assume that all the valence electrons from L are required. (b) Use the following information to determine the enthalpy of formation for L2O3(s). Express your answer in kJZ(mol L2O3(s)). Lattice energy for L2O3(s) = -14836 kJ mol1 AHsub for L(s) = 358 kJ mol 1 First ionization energy for L(g) = 577 kJ mol 1 Second ionization energy for L(g) = 1794 kJ mol 1 Third ionization energy for L(g) = 3820 kJ mol 1 Bond dissociation energy for O2(g) = 498 kJ mol 1 %3D First electron affinity for O = -141 kJ mol 1 Second electron affinity for O = 744 kJ mol 1arrow_forwardTwo ideal gas systems undergo reversible expansion under different conditions starting from the same P and V. At the end of the expansion, both systems have the same volume, but one has a lower pressure than the other. Provide an explanation for this difference by describing how the two processes could have differed.arrow_forwardCalculate V−1(∂V/∂T)p,n for an ideal gas?arrow_forward
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Solutions: Crash Course Chemistry #27; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9h2f1Bjr0p4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY