Concept explainers
The solubility of an ionic compound can be described quantitatively by a value called the solubility product constant,
The brackets refer to concentrations in moles per liter.
(a) Write the expression for the solubility product constant of
(b) If
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- Some barium chloride is added to a solution that contains both K2SO4 (0.050 M) and Na3PO4 (0.020 M). (a) Which begins to precipitate first: the barium sulfate or the barium phosphate? (b) The concentration of the first anion species to precipitate, either the sulfate or phosphate, decreases as the precipitate forms. What is the concentration of the first species when the second begins to precipitate?arrow_forwardThe following question is taken from a Chemistry Advanced Placement Examination and is used with the permission of the Educational Testing Service. Solve the following problem: MgF2(s)Mg2+(aq)+2F(aq) In a saturated solution of MgF2 at 18 C, the concentration of Mg2+ is 1.21103M . The equilibrium is represented by the preceding equation. (a) Write the expression for the solubility-product constant, Ksp, and calculate its value at 18 C. (b) Calculate the equilibrium concentration of Mg2+ in 1.000 L of saturated MgF2 solution at 18 C to which 0.100 mol of solid KF has been added. The KF dissolves completely. Assume the volume change is negligible. (c) Predict whether a precipitate of MgF2 will form when 100.0 mL of a 3.00103 -M solution of Mg(NO3)2 is mixed with 200.0 mL of a .2.00103 -M solution of NaF at 18 C. Show the calculations to support your prediction.. (d) At 27 C the concentration of Mg2+ in a saturated solution of MgF2 is 1.17103M . Is the dissolving of MgF2 in water all endothermic or an exothermic process? Give an explanation to support your conclusion.arrow_forwardCalculate the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction N2(g)+2O2(g)2NO2(g) if the concentrations of the species at equilibrium are [N2] = 0.0013, [O2] = 0.0024, and [NO2] = 0.00065.arrow_forward
- Because barium sulfate is opaque to X-rays, it is suspended in water and taken internally to make the gastrointestinal tract visible in an X-ray photograph. Although barium ion is quite toxic, barium sulfate’s /Csp of 1.1 X 10-,<) gives it such low solubility' that it can be safely consumed. What is the molar solubility' of BaSO4. What is its solubility' in grams per 100 g of water?arrow_forwardA solution contains Ca2+ and Pb2+ ions, both at a concentration of 0.010 M. You wish to separate the two ions from each other as completely as possible by precipitating one but not the other using aqueous Na2SO4 as the precipitating agent. (a) Which will precipitate first as sodium sulfate is added, CaSO4 or PbSO4? (b) What will be the concentration of the first ion that precipitates (Ca2+ or Pb2+) when the second, more soluble salt begins to precipitate?arrow_forwardWhat is the law of mass action? Is it true that the value of K depends on the amounts of reactants and products mixed together initially? Explain. Is it true that reactions with large equilibrium constant values are very fast? Explain. There is only one value of the equilibrium constant for a particular system at a particular temperature, but there is an infinite number of equilibrium positions. Explain.arrow_forward
- Consider the reaction BaF2(s)+SO42(aq)BaSO4(s)+2 F(aq) (a) Calculate K for the reaction. (b) Will BaSO4 precipitate if Na2SO4 is added to a saturated solution of BaF2?arrow_forwardCalculate the solubility in grams per 100 mL of BaF2 in a 0.10 M BaCl2 solution.arrow_forwardBecause calcium carbonate is a sink for CO32- in a lake, the student in Exercise 12.39 decides to go a step further and examine the equilibrium between carbonate ion and CaCOj. The reaction is Ca2+(aq) + COj2_(aq) ** CaCO,(s) The equilibrium constant for this reaction is 2.1 X 10*. If the initial calcium ion concentration is 0.02 AI and the carbonate concentration is 0.03 AI, what are the equilibrium concentrations of the ions? A student is simulating the carbonic acid—hydrogen carbonate equilibrium in a lake: H2COj(aq) H+(aq) + HCO}‘(aq) K = 4.4 X 10"7 She starts with 0.1000 AI carbonic acid. What are the concentrations of all species at equilibrium?arrow_forward
- The Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16Handbook) gives solubilities of the following compounds in grams per 100 mL of water. Because these compounds are only slightly soluble, assume that the volume does not change on dissolution and calculate the solubility product for each. (a) BaSiF6, 0.026 g/100 mL (contains SiF62- ions) (b) Ce(IO3)4, 1.5102 g/100 mL (c) Gd2(SO4)3, 3.98 g/100 mL (d) (NH4)2PtBr6, 0.59 g/100 mL (contains PtBr62- ions)arrow_forwardWrite the chemical equations for the dissociation of each of the following substances and determine their molar solubilities using the Solubility Product Constant Table. Note: Include states-of-matter under the given conditions in your answer. Please use the double-sided equilibrium arrows. (a) AgI chemPad XX→ (b) CuS chemPad X.X° →→← Aluminum Al(OH)3 Barium Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 BaSO4 Substance Ksp at 25 °C Cd(OH)2 CdCO3 CdS M M Calcium Help Greek Help Greek 5.0 x 10-3 8.1 x 10-9 1.1 x 10-10 Ba3(PO4)2 3.4 x 10-23 Cadmium 1.9 x 10-33 2.5 x 10-14 5.2 x 10-12 8.0 x 10-27 Ca(OH)2 5.5 x 10-6 CaCO3 4.8 x 10-⁹ Ca3(PO4)2 1.0 × 10-26 CaF2 3.9 x 10-11 Copper Cu(OH)2 Cu₂S CUCO3 CuS Iron Fe(OH)2 FeS Fe(OH)3 FePO4 Lead Pb(OH)2 PbF2 PbCl₂ PbBr2 Pbl₂ DOO 2.2 x 10-20 1.6 x 10-48 1.4 x 10-10 6.3 x 10-36 8.0 x 10-16 6.3 x 10-18 2.5 x 10-39 9.9 x 10-29 2.8 x 10-16 3.7 x 10-8 1.7 x 10-5 6.3 x 10-6 6.5 x 10-9 Manganese Mn(OH)2 MnCO3 MnS Nickel Ni(OH)2 Silver AgCl AgBr Agl AgCN Ag₂S Ag₂ CrO4 Ag3PO4 Tin Sn(OH)2 1.9…arrow_forwardIf you mix 50 mL of 0.0012 M BaCl2 with 25 mL of 1.0 x 10-6 M of H2SO4, will a precipitate of BaSO4 form? The equilibrium process involved is BaSO4(s) → Ba2+(aq) + SO42—(aq).arrow_forward
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