CHEM:ATOM FOC 2E CL (TEXT)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393284218
Author: Stacey Lowery Bretz, Natalie Foster, Thomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss
Publisher: WW Norton & Co
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5. The reason there is danger in exposure to high-energy radiation (e.g., ultraviolet and X rays)
is that the radiation can rupture chemical bonds. In some cases, cancer can be caused it. A
carbon-carbon single bond has a bond energy of approximately 348 kJ per mole. What
wavelength of light is required to provide sufficient energy to break the C-C bond? In which
region of the electromagnetic spectrum is this wavelength located?
The s 3C molecule still has a lot of energy available. Where, specifically, is this energy located in this 3-carbon molecule?
Selenium tetrafluoride is produced from a reaction of elemental Se with chlorine trifluoride
according to the balanced chemical equation:
3 Se(g) + 4 CIF3(g) → 3 SEF4(g) + 2 Cl2(g)
AHrxn = -1874 kJ
Using AHrxn and the table of bond energies below, determine the bond energy of the Se-F
bonds in SeF4.
Note that all bonds in the reactants and products are single bonds.
Bond
Bond Energy (k.J/mol)
CI-F
253
CI-CI
243
The units are kJ/mol. Do not include units in your answer. Scientific notation is optional. To write
scientific notation in Canvas, type "e" to replace "x 10". For example, "1 x 1014" is written "1e+14"
in Canvas.
Chapter 4 Solutions
CHEM:ATOM FOC 2E CL (TEXT)
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.01VPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.02VPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.03VPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.04VPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.05VPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.06VPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.07VPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.08VPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.09VPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.10VP
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- Bond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forwardWrite Lewis structures for CO32, HCO3, and H2CO3. When acid is added to an aqueous solution containing carbonate or bicarbonate ions, carbon dioxide gas is formed. We generally say that carbonic acid (H2C03) is unstable. Use bond energies to estimate E for the reaction (in the gas phase) H2CO3CO2+H2O Specify a possible cause for the instability of carbonic acid.arrow_forwardWhich bond requires more energy to break: the carbon-oxygen bond in formaldehyde, H2CO, or the carbon-oxygen bond in carbon monoxide, CO?arrow_forward
- Estimate ΔrH° for forming 2 mol ammonia from molecular nitrogen and molecular hydrogen. Is this reaction exothermic or endothermic?arrow_forwardGiven the following data: NO2(g) NO(g) + O(g)H = 233 kJ 2O3(g) 3O2(g)H = 427 kJ NO(g) + O3(g) NO2(g) + O2(g)H = 199 kJ Calculate the bond energy for the O2 bond, that is, calculate H for: O2(g) 2O(g)H = ?arrow_forwardA commercial process for preparing ethanol (ethyl alcohol), C2H5OH, consists of passing ethylene gas. C2H4, and steam over an acid catalyst (to speed up the reaction). The gas-phase reaction is Use bond enthalpies (Table 9.5) to estimate the enthalpy change for this reaction when 37.0 g of ethyl alcohol is produced.arrow_forward
- Write Lewis structures for CO32, HCO3, and H2CO3. When acid is added to an aqueous solution containing carbonate or bicarbonate ions, carbon dioxide gas is formed. We generally say that carbonic acid (H2CO3) is unstable. Use bond energies to estimate H for the reaction (in the gas phase) H2CO3 CO2 + H2O Specify a possible cause for the instability of carbonic acid.arrow_forwardFructose, C6H1206(S), consists of 5 C-C single bonds, 7 C-O bonds, 7 C-H bonds, and 5 O-H bonds with average bond energies of 348 kJ/mol, 360 kJ/mol, 412 kJ/mol, and 463 kJ/mol respectively. The bond energy for C=O is 799 kJ/mol and O=O is 498 kJ/mol. The molar mass of fructose is 180.12 g/mol. Estimate the change in enthalpy if 2.56 g of fructose undergoes complete combustion at standard temperature and pressure.arrow_forwardCalculate AH for the reaction CH4(g) + 1/2O₂(g) → CO(g) + 2 H₂(g) given the following data: Equation CH4(g) + 2 O₂(g) → CO₂(g) + 2 H₂O(g) CH₂(g) + CO₂(g) → 2 CO(g) + 2 H₂(g) CH4(g) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + 3 Hz(g) ΔΗ = | Submit Show Hints Submit Answer kj Retry Entire Group ΔΗ (kJ) -802 247 206 9 more group attempts remainingarrow_forward
- Hydrazine, N2H4, burns in oxygen as follows: N2H4 + O2 → N2 + 2H2O [The bond energies in kJ/mol are: N-H = 388; N-N 163; N≡N 944; O-H 463; O=O 496] Draw the chemical structures of the reactants and products and give the formula to calculate enthalpy change in a reaction, ΔH.arrow_forwardThe conversion of graphite into diamond is an endothermic reaction (AH = +3 kJ mol-1). C(graphite) → C(diamond) 1 The enthalpy change of atomisation of diamond is smaller than that of graphite. The bond energy of the C-C bonds in graphite is greater than that in diamond. 2 The enthalpy change of combustion of diamond is greater than that of graphite. 3 Which statements are correct? A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1 onlyarrow_forwardCarbon-carbon bonds form the “backbone” of nearly every organic and biological molecule. The average bond energy of the C¬C bond is 347 kJ/mol. Calculate the frequency and wavelength of the least energetic photon that can break an average C¬C bond. In what region of the electromagnetic spectrum is this radiation?arrow_forward
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