Loose-leaf Version for What Is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E & LaunchPad for What is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E (Twelve Month Access)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319154639
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W.H. Freeman & Co
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Question
Chapter 4, Problem 4SA
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
Why phospholipids are good as material for the plasma membrane.
Introduction:
Phospholipids are formed by a phosphate group connected to fatty acids by a glycerol.
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The phospholipid portion of biological membranes is referred to as "selectively permeable". What does this term mean? What types of substances can cross the phospholipid bilayer? What types cannot?
What causes phospholipids to spontaneously orient themselves into a membrane-like structure?
Phospholipids form the main fabric of the plasma membrane. One feature of phospholipids is that when they are placed in an aqueous solution, they will self-assemble into a double layer (bilayer) that resembles the bilayer of the plasma membrane. This self-assembly occurs because phospholipids are
hydrophilic at one end (the phospholipid head) and hydrophobic at the other end (the phospholipid tails).
Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in the figure.
1. First, drag labels of Group 1 to targets (a) and (b) to indicate whether these environments are hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
2. Next, drag the phospholipid layers (Group 2) to targets (c) and (d) to indicate how they are oriented in the plasma membrane.
3. Finally, drag labels of Group 1 to targets (e), (f), and (g) to indicate which portions of the membrane protein are hydrophilic and which are hydrophobic.
Group 1
extracellular
hydrophobic
fluid
©
hydrophilic
plasma
membrane
Group 1
Group 2
(f
membrane
protein
Group 1
Group…
Chapter 4 Solutions
Loose-leaf Version for What Is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E & LaunchPad for What is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E (Twelve Month Access)
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- Why is the cell membrane called a phospholipid bilayer?arrow_forwardThe following figure shows a typical phospholipid. Suppose this molecule was incorporated into a cell membrane. Which letter indicates the portion of the molecule that would be exposed to the aqueous environment? CH₂ I H₂C-N¹-CH₂ CH₂ A H₂C H₂C H₂C CH₂ CH₂O HO CH ₂ H₂C H₂C CH₂ OH HO O–CH, H₂C H₂C H₂C CH₂ HC CH₂ CH₂ CH-O CH-OH H₂C CH₂ H₂C CH₂ H₂C/ H₂C H₂C H₂C H₂C CH₂ H₂C CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ H₂C/arrow_forwardWhich property of phospholipids is responsible for the formation of phospholipid bilayers?arrow_forward
- If you place phospholipids in an oil-based solution, would they still self-assemble into a bilayer? If so, describe its structure.arrow_forwardIn general terms, what would you expect to be different about the permeability of a lipid bilayer made of phospholipids (modern cells) and a bilayer made of fatty acids (protocell)?arrow_forwardBelow is the skeletal formula of a molecule typically found in cell membranes. What type of molecule is this and how can you tell? What are the functions of this type of molecule in the plasma membrane of a cell? H HO CH3 CH3 C-H + H-C-H Harrow_forward
- What properties enable phospholipids to form membranes?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a true statement? Sphingolipids contain 2 hydrophobic, acyl chains Phospholipids contain 3 hydrophobic acyl chains Sphingolipids are completely no-polar, hydrophobic molecules The different types of phospholipids do not have different physical properties when in the membranearrow_forwardExplain why phospholipids have a natural tendency to self-assemble into a bilayer. Why is this biologically important?arrow_forward
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The Cell Membrane; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsffT7XIXbA;License: Standard youtube license