Microbiology: An Introduction Plus Mastering Microbiology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (13th Edition) (What's New in Microbiology)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780134688640
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case, Derek Weber, Warner Bair
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 5A
When E. coli cells are exposed to a hypertonic solution, the bacteria produce a transporter protein that can move K1 (potassium ions) into the cell. Of what value is the active transport of K1, which requires ATP?
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Match the definitions with the words:
Direct Diffusion, Facilitated Transport, Active Transport
a) passive movement of molecules through a protein channel, down the solute's concentration gradient
b) using a vesicle to move many molecules into a cell
c) movement of molecules through a protein transporter, requires ATP, against the solute's concentration gradient
Which of the following statements is correct about passive diffusion? Select one: A) It is a process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration (or up a concentration gradient).
B) It is a process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration (or down a concentration gradient).
C) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.
D) It may require a transport protein.
E) It involves movement of molecules down a concentration gradient and may require a transport protein.
what may be the effect of ethanol to specific components of the cell membrane? How will this affect the transport process?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction Plus Mastering Microbiology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (13th Edition) (What's New in Microbiology)
Ch. 4 - DRAW IT Diagram each of the following flagellar...Ch. 4 - Endospore formation is called (a) _____. It is...Ch. 4 - DRAW IT Draw the bacterial shapes listed in (a),...Ch. 4 - Match the structures in column A to their...Ch. 4 - Why is an endospore called a resting structure? Of...Ch. 4 - Compare and contrast the following a. simple...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7RCh. 4 - Starch is readily metabolized by many cells, but a...Ch. 4 - Match the characteristics of eukaryotic cells in...Ch. 4 - NAME IT What group of microbes is characterized by...
Ch. 4 - Which of the following is not a distinguishing...Ch. 4 - Which statement best describes what happens when a...Ch. 4 - Which statement best describes what happens when a...Ch. 4 - Which statement best describes what happens when a...Ch. 4 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is false about fimbriae? a....Ch. 4 - Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a....Ch. 4 - Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a....Ch. 4 - You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell...Ch. 4 - The antibiotic amphothericin B disrupts plasma...Ch. 4 - How can prokaryotic cells be smaller than...Ch. 4 - The smallest eukaryotic cell is the motile alga...Ch. 4 - Two types of prokaryotic cells have been...Ch. 4 - In 1985, a 0.5-mm cell was discovered in...Ch. 4 - When E. coli cells are exposed to a hypertonic...Ch. 4 - Clostridium botulinum is a strict anaerobe; that...Ch. 4 - A South San Francisco child enjoyed bath time at...Ch. 4 - Live cultures of Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel)...
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- What is the primary difference between passive and active transport in terms of concentration gradients?arrow_forwardActive transport pumps are used to move sodium ions across the membranes of gill cells in freshwater fish species. Which of the following statements about the pumps is accurate?Explain. a) There are specific binding sites for sodium ions on the pump b) They require osmosis to carry the sodium ions into the cell c) This is an example of passive diffusion and ATP is required d) Their lipid based structure allows it to embed in the cell membranearrow_forwardCompare and contrast the following methods of a passing cell membrane in terms of movement with respect to the concentration gradient, use of ATP, and the use of transporters with examples. (Simple) diffusion vs Facilitated diffusionarrow_forward
- The surface area to volume ratio affects the ability of the cell to exchange nutrients and waste products with the outside environment. Many factors affect the movement of molecules across the cell membrane, including membrane thickness, temperature, pressure, concentration gradient, molecular mass, distance travelled, solvent properties and surface area of the cell. In general, according to Einstein’s approximation equation (Equation 1), diffusion time is inversely proportional to the to the diffusion coefficient (D), where t is time and x is distance travelled. The diffusion coefficient is unique to each type of molecule and is determined experimentally. Waste products such as carbon dioxide (CO2) pose a unique problem to cells as their accumulation may be lethal. Exchange with the external environment is dependent upon the distance the waste must travel; for a round cell this will be up to half the cell diameter. Using the diffusion coefficient (D) for carbon dioxide (1.97 × 10-5…arrow_forwardDefine the terms (i) facilitated diffusion, (ii) primary active transport and (iii) secondary active transport. Identify which of these transport types the following are examples of: a) ATP/ADP translocase b) K^+ channels c) Bacteriorhodopsinarrow_forwardThis graph shows facilitated diffusion of a compound across a cytoplasmic membrane and into a cell. As the external concentration of the compound is increased, the rate of uptake increases until it reaches a point where it slows and then begins to plateau. This is not the case with passive diffusion, where the rate of uptake continually increases as the solute concentration increases. Why does the rate of uptake slow and then eventually plateau with facilitated diffusion?arrow_forward
- Some antibiotics act as carriers that bind an ion on one side of a membrane, diffuse through the membrane, and release the ion on the other side. The graph shows the conductance of a lipid-bilayer membrane with a carrier antibiotic as a function of temperature. Conductance 40 39 38 Temperature (°C) 37 36 What can you conclude about the effect of a carrier antibiotic on the conductance of the lipid-bilayer membrane? A carrier antibiotic decreases the conductance of a lipid bilayer, regardless of temperature. A carrier antibiotic can shuttle ions across a membrane only when the lipid bilayer is quite rigid. A carrier antibiotic increases the conductance of a lipid bilayer, regardless of temperature. O A carrier antibiotic can shuttle ions across a membrane only when the lipid bilayer is highly fluid.arrow_forward1) Draw a model of the plasma membrane to form a cell. Include a tube embedded in the membrane. Show 2 water molecules inside the cell and 12 water molecules outside the cell. Indicate which way the water will move through the aquaporin with an arrow. a) Using your knowledge of membrane transport, which direction will the water molecules move through the aquaporin? Why? b) Why would water have a difficult time crossing the cell membrane? Keep in mind the structure of water in your answer. 2) Develop an explanation for the necessity of having kinks in the hydrophobic tail of the phospholipids that make up cell membranes. a) Develop an explanation for the necessity of having kinks in the hydrophobic tail of the phospholipids that make up cell membranes.arrow_forwardThe following table depicts the rate of transport of a molecule into a cell as the external concentrations are changed. Based on what you know about the characteristics of membrane transport, the molecule is most likely transported by: a) passive transport b) simple diffusion across the membrane c) facilitated diffusion d) active transportarrow_forward
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