Concept explainers
Here’s a great everyday use of the physics described in this chapter. If you are trying to get ketchup out of the bottle, the best way to do it is to turn the bottle upside down and give the bottle a sharp upward smack, forcing the bottle rapidly upward. Think about what subsequently happens to the ketchup, which is initially at rest, and use Newton’s first law to explain why this technique is so successful.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
COLL PHYSCS V2 CH17-30 & ST WRKB W/ACCE
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Introduction to Electrodynamics
Lecture- Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy
The Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals (2nd Edition)
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
Sears And Zemansky's University Physics With Modern Physics
University Physics (14th Edition)
- To understand Newton's 3rd law, which states that a physical interaction always generates a pair of forces on the two interacting bodies. In Principia, Newton wrote:To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction: or, the mutual actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal, and directed to contrary parts. (translation by Cajori) The phrase after the colon (often omitted from textbooks) makes it clear that this is a statement about the nature of force. The central idea is that physical interactions (e.g., due to gravity, bodies touching, or electric forces) cause forces to arise between pairs of bodies. Each pairwise interaction produces a pair of opposite forces, one acting on each body. In summary, each physical interaction between two bodies generates a pair of forces. Whatever the physical cause of the interaction, the force on body A from body B is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force on body B from body A.Incidentally, Newton states that…arrow_forwardThree blocks A, B, and C stand next to each other as shown in the figure. A force F with magnitude 199.4 N is applied to push block C directly and sends the blocks accelerating to the right. Let's assume there is no friction between the blocks and the ground. The mass of A, B, and C are 7, 45, and 94.7 kg, respectively. What is the force applied on block B by block C (in unit of N)? C A Textarrow_forwardAs a rocket ascends, its acceleration increases even though the net force on it stays constant. Why? (Assume a traveling distance small enough that the thrust, acceleration due to gravity and atmosphere do not change.) As the rocket ascends, fuel is burned at a faster rate resulting in a larger acceleration.The rocket's mass decreases as its fuel is consumed. The same net force acting on a smaller mass results in a larger acceleration. The faster a rocket moves the more acceleration is imparted to it from a given force.As a rocket ascends its momentum increases with its speed. The greater the momentum of the rocket, the greater the acceleration imparted to it from a given force.arrow_forward
- Question #1: A unicorn running on a beach at 7 m/s changes speed at a constant rate of 3.6 m/s2 over a period of 3 seconds. What distance did the unicorn travel during this process? Question #2: 60-kg woman in an elevator is accelerating downward at a rate of 1.2 m/s2. What is the magnitude of the force exerted by the elevator floor on the woman's feet? Question #3: Two people play tug of war. The 100-kg person on the left pulls with 1,200 N, and the 70-kg person on the right pulls with 800 N. Assume that neither person releases their grip on the rope with either hand at any time, assume that the rope is always taut, and assume that the rope does not stretch. What is the magnitude of the tension in the rope in Newtons? Question #4: A man pulls a 14-kg sled 44 meters along an angled hill with a force of 95 N, which elevates the man 30 meters above the bottom of the hill. The man then hops on his sled and slides to the bottom of the hill back along his 44 meter path, during which a 296 N…arrow_forwardIn the classic 1950 science-fiction film Rocketship X-M, a spaceship is moving in the vacuum of outer space, far from any star or planet, when its engine dies. As a result, the spaceship slows down and stops. What does Newton’s first law say about this scene?arrow_forwardThe 50-kg crate is projected along the floor with an initial speed of A m/s at x = 0. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.40. Calculate the time required for the crate to come to rest and the corresponding distance x traveled. A is the last digit of your student number replacing any 0 with 10. For example, if your student number is 400027581 then A = 1, if your student number is 400027580 then A = 10, etc.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is incorrect regarding Newton's Third Law of Motion? O A force acting on a body is always the results of its interaction with another body. Whenever two bodies interact, the two forces that they exert on each other are always equal in magnitude and direction. Forces always comes in pairs, that is for every action, there an equal but opposite reaction. The force exerted by a on bis equal to (-)force exerted by b on aarrow_forwardA 0.75-kg cart is pulled along a horizontal track by a rope. The rope makes an angle of 30 degrees to the horizontal. Your friend says that the normal component of the force the track exerts on the cart is 7.5 N because mg = (0.75kg) (¹0N) = 7.5N. Do you agree with your friend? Use a force diagram and Newton's 2nd Law to explain why.arrow_forwardA Chinook salmon can swim underwater at 3.58 m/s, and it can also jump vertically upward, leaving the water with a speed of 6.26 m/s. A record salmon has length 1.50 m and mass 61.0 kg. Consider the fish swimming straight upward in the water below the surface of a lake. The gravitational force exerted on it is very nearly canceled out by a buoyant force exerted by the water. The fish experiences an upward force P exerted by the water on its threshing tail fin and a downward fluid friction force that we model as acting on its front end. Assume the fluid friction force disappears as soon as the fish’s head breaks the water surface and assume the force on its tail is constant. Model the gravitational force as suddenly switching full on when half the length of the fish is out of the water. Find the value of P.arrow_forward
- In the amusement park ride known as Magic Mountain Superman, powerful magnets accelerate a car and its riders from rest to 38.6 m/s in a time of 6.34 s. The mass of the car and riders is 7.78 × 10³ kg. Find the average net force exerted on the car and riders by the magnets. Number Unitsarrow_forwardTopic: You find yourself trapped in the middle of a large frozen lake. Assume the ice has no friction. All you have on your is warm winter clothing and no way to call/signal for help. You can just barely see the shore in the distance. Use your physics knowledge of Newton's laws to help get you off the lake. Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardA 68.5 kg person is standing inside an elevator. The elevator is going from the 1st floor to the 9th floor. As the elevator approaches the 9th floor there is a moment when the elevator’s speed is 2.90 m/s and is slowing at a rate of 0.904 m/s2. What is the net force acting on the person at this moment?arrow_forward
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