Lecture- Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321820464
Author: Edward E. Prather, Tim P. Slater, Jeff P. Adams, Gina Brissenden
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 8GRP
The Sun is approximately 6000 K at the surface and has an energy distribution that peaks at visible wavelengths; Earth’s surface is much cooler at about 288 K. What type of light do you think Earth’s surface primarily gives off: ultraviolet, visible, or infrared light? Explain your reasoning.
Expert Solution & Answer
Learn your wayIncludes step-by-step video
schedule02:21
Students have asked these similar questions
Consider a cloudless day on which the sun shines down across the United States. If 2951 kJ2951 kJ of energy reaches a square meter (m2)(m2) of the United States in one hour, how much total solar energy reaches the entire United States per hour? The entire area of the United States is 9,158,960 km29,158,960 km2.
solar energy per hour is ???
Earth's daylight surface disk absorbs about 1036 W per m2 from the Sun. Using 6400 km for the Earth's radius, how much of this radiative power is emitted by each square meter of the spherical Earth? Hint: Compare the ratio of the disk area to the spherical surface area.
In the graph from the class handout the inflow of energy from the
sun is given as a constant 236 watts per meter squared. To get this
figure we used
L(1 – a) × 236 W/m²,
where L = 1350 W/m²is the solar constant, and a = 0.3 is the
Earth's albedo (meaning that 30% of the Sun's energy is reflected
back into space). The 1/4 comes from averaging the arriving solar
energy over the whole Earth (the surface area of the Earth is 4 times
the area of the "disk of energy" hitting the Earth.)
Using these ideas estimate the inflow of energy to a planet if the
solar constant is 647 watts per meter squared and the planet's
albedo is 0.5.
Round your answer to the near 10 watts per square meter.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Lecture- Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy
Ch. 4 - Which Moon position (AE) best corresponds with the...Ch. 4 - In the blank boxes below, sketch how the Moon...Ch. 4 - Shade in each of the four Moons shown in Figure 2...Ch. 4 - Which Moon position (Fl) best corresponds with the...Ch. 4 - How much of the entire Moon’s surface is...Ch. 4 - How much of the Moon’s illuminated surface is...Ch. 4 - Would your answers to Questions 5 or 6 change if...Ch. 4 - Consider the following discussion between two...Ch. 4 - If the Moon is a full Moon tonight, will the Moon...Ch. 4 - Where (in the southern sky, on the eastern...
Ch. 4 - Where (in the southern sky, on the eastern...Ch. 4 -
Where (in the southern sky, on the eastern...Ch. 4 -
If the Moon is a new Moon when it rises, which of...Ch. 4 -
What time is it for the person shown in Figure...Ch. 4 -
Draw a stick figure person on Earth in Figure 1...Ch. 4 - Answer the following questions for the position of...Ch. 4 -
At what time would you look to see a...Ch. 4 -
If the Sun set below your western horizon about 2...Ch. 4 -
A friend comments to you that there was a...Ch. 4 - According to Figure 1, in which direction would...Ch. 4 - If it is wintertime right now (just after the...Ch. 4 - Since Figure 1 is a reasonable representation for...Ch. 4 - During what time(s) of year would the Sun...Ch. 4 - Does the Sun always set in precisely the same...Ch. 4 - What do the x’s in the shadow plots represent?
Ch. 4 - Approximately how much time went by from the time...Ch. 4 - Approximately how long did it take to create each...Ch. 4 - How does the direction of the stick’s shadow...Ch. 4 - Using Figures 1 and 2, in what direction would the...Ch. 4 - Clearly circle the x for the shadow that...Ch. 4 - Compare the position of the x that corresponds to...Ch. 4 - Which Shadow Plot (A or B) most closely...Ch. 4 - On Figure 2, sketch the Sun’s position shortly...Ch. 4 - Based on the shadow plots in Figure 2, during...Ch. 4 - If Shadow Plot A corresponds to the path of the...Ch. 4 - If Shadow Plot B corresponds to the path of the...Ch. 4 - If you were to mark the end of the stick’s shadow...Ch. 4 - Will the stick ever cast a shadow along the...Ch. 4 - Is there ever a clear (no clouds) day of the year...Ch. 4 - Is the direction that Earth’s axis is tilted...Ch. 4 - Using the information listed above, does Earth...Ch. 4 - Would you say the temperature stays approximately...Ch. 4 - Are the seasons (summer or winter) the same in the...Ch. 4 - Consider the following discussion between two...Ch. 4 - Do you think these differences in distance between...Ch. 4 - Consider the following discussion between two...Ch. 4 - Which of the two lighted areas (the one created by...Ch. 4 - Which of the two lighted areas is smaller?
Ch. 4 - Which of the two lighted areas receives more...Ch. 4 - If a thermometer were placed in each of the...Ch. 4 - Which of the two positions would be similar to the...Ch. 4 - Which location(s) (A–F) correspond(s) with summer...Ch. 4 - Which location(s) (A–F) correspond(s) with winter...Ch. 4 - During which season (summer or winter) is the...Ch. 4 - During which season (summer or winter) is the Sun...Ch. 4 - How are your answers to the previous two questions...Ch. 4 - How would the number of hours of sunlight and the...Ch. 4 - If, somehow, the number of daylight hours did not...Ch. 4 - If the Northern Hemisphere were tilted 90° toward...Ch. 4 - Provide two pieces of evidence to support the fact...Ch. 4 - Which two things are most directly responsible for...Ch. 4 - Given the data in Table 1, plot the motion of the...Ch. 4 - On what date was the mystery planet located...Ch. 4 - On what date was the mystery planet located...Ch. 4 - Describe how the mystery planet moved (east or...Ch. 4 - During which dates does the mystery planet appear...Ch. 4 - During which dates does this mystery planet appear...Ch. 4 - If a planet were moving with retrograde motion,...Ch. 4 - Suppose your instructor says that Mars is moving...Ch. 4 - Which direction (right or left) are the oceanic...Ch. 4 - Which is hotter, the piece of mantle material at...Ch. 4 - What direction are the pieces of mantle material...Ch. 4 - Consider the following discussion between two...Ch. 4 - Just beneath Point I on the drawing is a tropical...Ch. 4 - Just beneath Point C on the drawing is an ancient...Ch. 4 - Imagine that an impact occurred on the continental...Ch. 4 - Consider the image below of the rocky and...Ch. 4 - If a new planet were discovered, what evidence...Ch. 4 - Which TWO forms of light account for the majority...Ch. 4 - Consider the following debate between two students...Ch. 4 - Comparing the visible and the infrared types of...Ch. 4 - Comparing the ultraviolet and the infrared types...Ch. 4 - Based upon Figures 1 and 2, why is ultraviolet...Ch. 4 - What gas molecules are primarily responsible for...Ch. 4 - What are the two greenhouse gases most responsible...Ch. 4 - The Sun is approximately 6000 K at the surface and...Ch. 4 - Does Earth’s surface give off light at night? If...Ch. 4 - Consider the following debate between two students...Ch. 4 - Will the light given off by Earth’s surface easily...Ch. 4 - How does the total amount of energy coming from...Ch. 4 - What type of light primarily heats Earth’s surface...Ch. 4 - Is more energy absorbed by Earth’s surface in the...Ch. 4 - Due to the light absorbed by Earth’s surface that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 16GRPCh. 4 - Consider the following debate between two students...Ch. 4 - What was the temperature at the location of...Ch. 4 - What was the temperature at the location of Mars?
Ch. 4 - Which planets formed at temperatures hotter than...Ch. 4 - Which planets formed at temperatures cooler than...Ch. 4 - Over what range of distances from the Sun would...Ch. 4 - Over what range of distances from the Sun would...Ch. 4 - Is it likely that a large, Jovian planet would...Ch. 4 - Which of the following pairs of objects would make...Ch. 4 - Using small circles to represent Earth and the...Ch. 4 - To make a scale model of the Earth–Moon orbital...Ch. 4 - Can any combinations of the following items be...Ch. 4 - Does this mean that two Suns placed side-by-side...Ch. 4 - If you were to use a 1-foot (12-inch) basketball...Ch. 4 - If we used a basketball to represent the Sun and a...Ch. 4 - How many Moons would fit across the diameter of...Ch. 4 - Approximately how many times could the Moon’s...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
3. What is free-fall, and why does it make you weightless? Briefly describe why astronauts are weightless in th...
The Cosmic Perspective
The pV-diagram of the Carnot cycle.
Sears And Zemansky's University Physics With Modern Physics
Briefly discuss the profound implications of the Fermi paradox and how the answer to the paradox affects our ci...
Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
Using the definitions in Eqs. 1.1 and 1.4, and appropriate diagrams, show that the dot product and cross produc...
Introduction to Electrodynamics
Explain all answers clearly, using complete sentence and proper essay structure if needed. An asterisk (*) desi...
Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals
A driver tells passengers to buckle their seatbelts, invoking the law of inertia. Whats that got to do with sea...
Essential University Physics (3rd Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Answer these questions for celestial bodies at each of the following temperatures and then draw a conclusion about the relationship between temperature and wavelength of maximum intensity. What is the wavelength of maximum intensity? In which part of the electromagnetic spectrum (gamma-ray, X-ray, UV, visible light, IR, microwave, or radio) does this peak wavelength lie? Give an example of an object that might have this temperature. a. 50 K b. 500 K c. 5000 K d. 50,000 Karrow_forwardStep-by-step, explain how energy flows from the center of the Sun to Earth.arrow_forwardHow does the Earth's magnetic field work, and what is its role in protecting us from the solar wind?arrow_forward
- Consider a cloudless day on which the sun shines down across the United States. If 2036 kJ2036 kJ of energy reaches a square meter (m2)(m2) of the United States in one hour, how much total solar energy reaches the entire United States per hour? The entire area of the United States is 9,158,960 km2arrow_forwardDescription: Imagine you are comparing the five electric hot plates (A – E) of different sizes and temperatures. The temperature of each hot plate is indicated by a shade of gray such that the lighter the shade of gray, the higher the temperature of the hot plate. D B E A A. Ranking instructions: Rank the surface area (from largest to smallest) of the hotplates. Ranking Order: Largest 1 3 4 5 Smallest Or, all the hotplates have the same surface area. (indicate with a check mark) Carefully explain your reasoning for ranking this way: B. Ranking instructions: Rank the temperature (from hottest to coldest) of the hotplates. Ranking Order: Hottest 1 2. 3 4 5 Coldest Or, all the hotplates have the same temperature (indicate with a check mark) Carefully explain your reasoning for ranking this way:arrow_forwardCalculate the solar energy flux (energy received per unit area per unit timo), as seen from a distance of 4 pc from the Sun. Express your answer in watts per square meter to two significant figures. Templates F4.0-10-20 AX Part B Submit Previous Answers Request Answer undo do reset keyboard shortcuts help X Incorrect; Try Again: 5 attempts remaining F solar constant Compare your answer with the solar constant at Earth Express your answer using two significant figures. W/m² Templates Symbols undo rado reset keyboard shortcuts help Submit Request Answer Show Transcribed Text The Sun's luminosity of 3.84x1026Warrow_forward
- equattion : S/4 (1- a) = f*sigma*TS4 Solar Constant (W/m2) S = 1361 How sensitive is the temperature of the earth to changes in the atmospheric transmissivity (f)? The atmosphere is more transmissive (lets more radiation through) when CO2 and other greenhouse gases are lower. During the pre-industrial period, transmissivity (f) was probably around 62% (f = 0.62) and has been decreasing. Calculate how much the Earth's surface temperature would change if the transmissivity changes by ±0.01 (to 0.60 or to 0.62). ___ °C per 1% transmissivity change.arrow_forwardSolar scientists want to measure the temperature inside the sun by sending in probes. Imagine that temperature increases by 1 million◦C for every 10,000 km below the surface. A probe that can handle a temperature of x million degrees costs x³ million dollars. a. How much would it cost to measure the temperature 10,000 km down? b. How much would it cost to measure the temperature 100,000 km down? c. How much would it cost to measure the temperature 200,000 km down?arrow_forwardIf the sun suddenly ceased to shine, how long would it take earth to become dark? a) Using the formula d = s x t , where d=distance , s= speed, and t = time, rearrange the terms to solve for time. b) Given the distance to the Sun is 93 million miles ( 1.5 x 10^11 m) and the speed of light is c= 3 x 10^8 m/s) use this information to find out how many SECONDS it takes light to reach earth. c) Convert your answer for b) to Minutes and remaining seconds.arrow_forward
- Suppose the temperature is right for sound to have a speed of 345 meters/second. The wavelength of a 115 Hz sound wave is (use the equation shown and your math skills to figure out the answer) meters. speed or velocity (ms-¹) v=fλx wavelength (m) frequency (Hz) our answerarrow_forwardWhich of the following incidents will cause the solar constant of a planet to decrease? Select all that apply: a. the planet moves farther from the sun b. the planet’s albedo increases c. the planet’s atmosphere thins d. the sun’s total energy output decreasesarrow_forwardTutorial Star A has a temperature of 6,000 K. How much energy per second (in J/s/m²) does it radiate onto a square meter of its surface? If the temperature of Star A decreases by a factor of 2, the energy will decrease by a factor of Star B has a temperature that is 5 times higher than Star A. How much more energy per second (compared to Star A) does it radiate onto a square meter of its surface? Part 1 of 4 The energy of a star is related to its temperature by E = OTA where o = 5.67 x 10-8 J/s/m²/K4. Part 2 of 4 To determine how much energy Star A is radiating, we just plug in the temperature to solve for EA. EA J/s/m²arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)PhysicsISBN:9781337399920Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana BackmanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Stars and Galaxies (MindTap Course List)PhysicsISBN:9781337399944Author:Michael A. SeedsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Horizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course ...PhysicsISBN:9781305960961Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana BackmanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
Physics
ISBN:9781337399920
Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Stars and Galaxies (MindTap Course List)
Physics
ISBN:9781337399944
Author:Michael A. Seeds
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Horizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305960961
Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher:Cengage Learning