Principles of Human Physiology Plus Mastering A&P with Pearson eText - Access Card Package (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134169040
Author: Cindy L. Stanfield
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4.1, Problem 4.2.1QC
Determine the direction of the electrical driving force for each of me following ions, assuming the cell membrane potential is negative: Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-,Ca2+.
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If the equilibrium potential for K* is -90mV, and the charge inside the cell is -70mV, which direction will K move across the membrane assuming there is permeability (membrane leak channels) which allow it to pass?
Calculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 ∘C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.50M on the "right side" and 0.08 M on the "left side", given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (−).
(a)Membrane permeable only to Na+.
Calculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 ∘C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.50 M on the "right side" and 0.08 M on the "left side", given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (−).
Membrane equally permeable to both ions.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Principles of Human Physiology Plus Mastering A&P with Pearson eText - Access Card Package (6th Edition)
Ch. 4.1 - What is the difference between passive transport...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1.2QCCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1.3QCCh. 4.1 - Determine the direction of the electrical driving...Ch. 4.1 - Assume that sodium and calcium ions are being...Ch. 4.1 - Refer to Table 4.1 for intracellular and...Ch. 4.3 - In simple diffusion, do individual molecules...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.3.2QCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.3.3QCCh. 4.3 - What is the difference between a channel and a...
Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.4.2QCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.4.3QCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.5.1QCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.5.2QCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.5.3QCCh. 4.6 - Name the three types of endocytosis. Which type(s)...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.6.2QCCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.7.1QCCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.7.2QCCh. 4.7 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 4.7 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 4.7 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 1ECh. 4 - Prob. 2ECh. 4 - Prob. 3ECh. 4 - Prob. 4ECh. 4 - Prob. 5ECh. 4 - Prob. 6ECh. 4 - Prob. 7ECh. 4 - Movement of Na+ in sodium-linked glucose...Ch. 4 - Prob. 9ECh. 4 - Prob. 10ECh. 4 - Which of the following transport mechanisms...Ch. 4 - Substances that cross cell membranes by simple...Ch. 4 - Prob. 13ECh. 4 - Prob. 14ECh. 4 - Prob. 15ECh. 4 - Prob. 16ECh. 4 - Prob. 17ECh. 4 - Prob. 18ECh. 4 - Describe the various factors that determine...Ch. 4 - Explain the mechanism of glucose absorption by...Ch. 4 - Prob. 21ECh. 4 - Prob. 22ECh. 4 - Prob. 23ECh. 4 - Prob. 24ECh. 4 - Prob. 25ECh. 4 - Prob. 26ECh. 4 - Prob. 27E
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- One of the important uses of the Nernst equation is in describing the flow of ions across plasma membranes. Ions move under the influence of two forces: the concentration gradient (given in electrical units by the Nernst equation) and the electrical gradient (given by the membrane voltage). This is summarized by Ohms law: Ix=Gx(VmEx) which describes the movement of ion x across the membrane. I is the current in amperes (A); G is the conductance, a measure of the permeability of x, in Siemens (S), which is I/V;Vm is the membrane voltage; and Ex is the equilibrium potential of ion x. Not only does this equation tell how large the current is, but it also tells what direction the current is flowing. By convention, a negative value of the current represents either a positive ion entering the cell or a negative ion leaving the cell. The opposite is true of a positive value of the current. a. Using the following information, calculate the magnitude of Na [ Na+ ]0=145mM,[ Na+ ]i=15mM,Gna+=1nS,Vm=70mV b. Is Na+ entering or leaving the cell? c. Is Na+ moving with or against the concentration gradient? Is it moving with or against the electrical gradient?arrow_forwardConformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)arrow_forwardIf: membrane potential=-70mV, ENa=+60mV, and Ex=-90mV, consider which directions Na+ and K+ will leak across the membrane. If both ions are crossing the membrane, what is the most important factor in determining whether membrane potential will become more positive or more negative?arrow_forward
- Use the Goldman Equation to calculate the resting membrane potential at 37°C for each case:arrow_forwardCalculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 °C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.10 M on the “right side” and 0.01 M on the “left side”, given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (-). (a) Membrane permeable only to Na+ (b) Membrane permeable only to Cl– (c) Membrane equally permeable to both ionsarrow_forwardCalculate: The equilibrium potential for potassium at room temp The equilibrium potential for sodium at room temp Resting membrane potential of this neuron at room temperaturearrow_forward
- A cell has an actual membrane potential (Em) at rest of -75mV. The equilibrium potential for Na+ is +120mV and the equilibrium potential for K+ is -95mV. Calculate the net driving force for Na+ in mV.arrow_forwardCalculate the maximum ratio that can be achieved by the plasma membrane Na+-glucose symporter of an epithelial cell when [Na+]in is 12 mM, [Na+]out is 145 mM, the membrane potential is −50 mV (inside negative), and the temperature is 37 °C.arrow_forwardDefine resting membrane potential and describe its electrochemical basis. Briefly discuss changes to resting membrane potential. Provide specific examples of how the 4 essential concepts relative to resting membrane potential or disruption of resting membrane potential.arrow_forward
- What is the equilibrium membrane potential due to Na+ ions if the extracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 154 mM and the intracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 23 mM at 20 ∘C ?arrow_forwardDescribe the contribution of each of the following to the establishment and maintenance of membrane potential: Part A Na+K+ Pump Passive movement of K+ across the membrane Passive movement of Na+ across the membrane Part B Resting membrane potential is approximately -70mV. Explain what resting membrane potential is and what -70mV refers to.arrow_forwardWhat is the equilibrium membrane potential due to Na+ ions if the extracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 154 mM and the intracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 27 mM at 20 ∘C ? Please answer asap and in short and content should not be palgarised pleasearrow_forward
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