Concept explainers
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
An ecologist studying plants in the desert per1ormed the following experiment. She staked out two identical plots, containing sagebrush plants and small annual wildflowers. She found the same five wildflower species in roughly equal numbers on both plots. She then enclosed one of the plots with a fence to keep out kangaroo rats, the most common grain-eaters of the area. After two years four of the wildflower species were no longer present in the fenced plot but one species had increased drastically. The control plot had not changed in species diversity. Using the principles of community ecology, propose a hypothesis to explain her results. What additional evidence would support your hypothesis?
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- Figure 47.6 Scientists measured the relative abundance ot fern spores above and below the K-Pg boundary in this reck sample. Which of the following statements most likely represents their findings? An abundance of fern spores from several species was found below the K-Pg boundary, but none was found above. An abundance of fern spores from several species was found above the K-Pg boundary, but none was found below. An abundance of fern spores was found both above and below the K-Pg boundary, but only one species was found below the boundary , and many species were found above the boundary. Many species of fern spores were found both above and below the boundary, but the total number of spores was greater below the boundary.arrow_forwardFigure 21.6 The Svalbard seed vault is located on Spitsbergen island in Norway, which has an arctic climate. Why might an arctic climate be good for seed Storage?arrow_forward上午11:08 1月22日周六 * 100% •.. Low High Population Density Site A Site B Unfragmented Fragmented 85. The graph above shows how seed production in a plant species varied with population density in an unfrag- mented habitat (site A) and in a fragmented habitat (site B). Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data? (A) There is no relationship between seed production and habitat fragmentation. (B) Seed production is higher in dense populations. (C) Seed production is lower in dense populations. (D) Habitat fragmentation has more effect on seed production than does population density. (E) Pollinators are either less abundant or less effective in small populations. Seed Productionarrow_forward
- Table 1. Average turgor loss point, stem hydraulic conductivity and plant water use efficiency for the two species. Trait Species A Species B Statistics Turgor loss point -2.5 MPa -1.1. MPa p <0.033 Hydraulic conductivity 0.11 Kg mm-1 MPa-1 s-1 0.33 Kg mm-1 MPa-1 s-1 p <0.005 Water use efficiency 80.6 µmol mol-1 47.1 µmol mol-1 p <0.004 Explain using data from Table 1 and Figure 2 the two different physiological strategies for these species against the environmental stressors expected from Figure 1. Figure 2.(attached) Pre-dawn and midday leaf water potential (Ψleaf) for the two species at different dates throughout the year.arrow_forwardTable 1. Average turgor loss point, stem hydraulic conductivity and plant water use efficiency for the two species. Trait Species A Species B Statistics Turgor loss point -2.5 MPa -1.1. MPa p <0.033 Hydraulic conductivity 0.11 Kg mm-1 MPa-1 s-1 0.33 Kg mm-1 MPa-1 s-1 p <0.005 Water use efficiency 80.6 µmol mol-1 47.1 µmol mol-1 p <0.004 Please Describe the data in Table 1arrow_forwardAlnus Salix Picea 100 80 Time since glaciation (years) 17 40 60 120 138 The graph shows data of plant species richness as a function of time measured in plots that were dominated by either Alnus (black, solid lines), Salix (yellow, dotted line) or Picea (blue, dashed line) (Buma et al. 2019). (FYI: Alnus is alder, Salix is willow, Picea is spruce) Each line describes the average change of plant species richness through time in those plots. For each of the dominant species in those plots, determine whether they facilitate, inhibit or have no effect on species richness in late successional stages. Alnus [ Select ] Salix [ Select ] Picea [ Select ] Plant species richness in plotsarrow_forward
- Question 1 Which dispersal mechanism is most likely for late successional plant species? O birds O wind O mammals bats A Moving to another question will save this response.arrow_forwardAs a rule of thumb, foresters (and other biologists) should strive to sample at least 30 points or plots in a stand. WHY?arrow_forwardplant in ________are adapted to grazing and periodic fires 1- desert 2- tropical rainforest 3- grassland 4- boreal forestarrow_forward
- Ecology CA STUDENT Insert Draw Design Layout References Mailings Home Calibri (Body) 11 - A A Aa v abe X2 x? A A Paste stic Changes in an ecosystem over a long perod of time are shown in the diagram below. Succession in a Plant Community Pines Beeches and Maples Ferns, shrubs and grasses Mosses Soil 10 yrs 50 yrs 100 yrs 200 yrs 300 yrs A В 9. As the process of ecological succession progresses with time, species diversity tends to: A. gradually decrease from colonization to climax community.. B. be limited in early stages and increase over time. C. increase during intermediate stages, then rapidly decrease during the climax community stage. D. be highest in the colonization stages. 752 words English (United States) Focus Pause 14arrow_forwardINTERPRET DATA Examine Figure 56-24. How many of the sampled species are found in the nonserpentine soil? in the serpentine soil? in the ecotone? What generalization about ecotones do these data support? RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The various plant species found in the two communities (yellow and blue) and in the ecotone between them (green) are shown in the graph. The ecotone had a greater richness than either adjoining community. SOURCE: Modified from C.D. White, VegetationSoil Chemistry Correlations in Serpentine Ecosystems, Ph.D. dissertation (University of Oregon, Eugene, 1971). Reprinted with permission of Dr. Charles D. White. Figure 56-24 Ecotones and species richness Note that the two fescues in the figure are different species.arrow_forwardIn another experiment, fishes were placed in separate aquarium tanks with water coming from three different waterways in Los Baños. Three tanks were filled with water from each source and equal number of fish were placed in each tank. The tanks were refilled as required with water from the original sources. Two plant species known to be bioremediators were tested and compared with a control (no plants). Three tanks were assigned to each of the plant species and the control. After three months, a sample of fish was taken from each tank and evaluated whether the fish contains heavy metals above the threshhold(1) and 0, otherwise. Which is the most appropriate procedure to compare the plant species and the control? A. F-test B. t-test C. Cochran’s Q D. Friedman testarrow_forward
- Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningConcepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College