Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135755785
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 41.1, Problem 1CSC
Summary Introduction
To determine: The differences in the bones and tendons of the sprinters and marathoner.
Introduction: The eye provides vision and it consists of photoreceptor cells that are rods and cones cells. They are responsible for image formation at night and day.
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Tropmyosin and Troponin are called the regulatory proteins in muscle contraction. Describe the myofibril organization and specific structural and functional role of these two proteins in muscle contraction-relaxation cycle.
Which of the following is NOT true of fast oxidative skeletal muscle fibers?
O All of the above describe fast oxidative muscle fibers
There muscle fibers are surrounded by a high number of capillaries
There muscle fibers contain many mitochondria
There fibers can be converted to slow oxidative fibers during periods of no
training
There is a high myoglobin content in these types of fibers
For the following five events, which is the correct sequence that describes the excitation and contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber?
1.
Tropomyosin shifts, exposing the myosin-binding sites on actin.
2.
Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds to the troponin complex.
3.
An action potential is propagated down the transverse tubules.
4.
Cycles of myosin cross-bridge formation and breakdown cause the thin filaments to slide toward the center of the sarcomere.
5.
An action potential in a motor neuron causes the axon to release acetylcholine, which triggers an action potential in a muscle fiber.
1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5
3 → 2 → 4 → 1 → 5
2 → 1 → 3 → 5 → 4
5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4
4 → 3 → 1 → 2 → 5
Chapter 41 Solutions
Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 41.1 - Prob. 2TCCh. 41.1 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 41.1 - White meat or dark? It seems almost everyone has a...Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 41.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 41.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 41.1 - explain how the nervous system causes contraction...Ch. 41.2 - describe the similarities and differences between...Ch. 41.2 - compare cardiac and smooth muscle to skeletal...
Ch. 41.3 - Why are thick, armor like exoskeletons found...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 41.3 - Prob. 3TCCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1CTCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 41.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 41.3 - list and describe the functions of the different...Ch. 41.3 - explain how a bone fracture is repaired and how...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 5CYLCh. 41 - Prob. 1MCCh. 41 - Prob. 2MCCh. 41 - Prob. 3MCCh. 41 - Prob. 4MCCh. 41 - Prob. 5MCCh. 41 - The three types of skeletal systems found in...Ch. 41 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 41 - A skeletal muscle cells is called a(n)__________....Ch. 41 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 41 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 41 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 41 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 41 - Sketch a relaxed muscle fiber containing a...Ch. 41 - Describe the process of skeletal muscle...Ch. 41 - Explain the following two statements: Muscles can...Ch. 41 - What are the three types of skeletons found in...Ch. 41 - Compare the structures of the following pairs:...Ch. 41 - Explain the functions of osteoblasts and...Ch. 41 - Describe a hinge joint and how it is moved by...Ch. 41 - Discuss some of the problems that would result. If...Ch. 41 - Prob. 2AC
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- In the diagram below, label the fine structure of a muscle, down to one of its myofibrils. Identify the basic unit of contraction in a myofibril.arrow_forwardFigure 38.37 Which of the following statements about muscle contraction is true? The power stroke occurs when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and phosphate. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the myosin head. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the actin active site. The power stroke occurs when Ca2+ binds the calcium head.arrow_forwardMuscle motor unit recruitment follows the pattern of the SO (I) fibers being recruited first followed by the FOG (IIa) and then ultimately by the FG (IIb) if and when workloads require this. Muscle fatigue follows the order that the FG fibers fatigue first, followed by the FOG fibers and finally (maybe never) the SO fibers. Explain how it makes sense physiologically that the last fibers to be recruited to contract are the first to fatigue, while the first fibers to be recruited to contract would be the last to fatigue.arrow_forward
- Elite sprinters have locomotory muscles that generate more power, compared to elite distance runners. All of these contibute to increased power EXCEPT higher concentration of glycolytic enzymes hypertrophied fibers higher rate of crossbridge cycling myosin heads that pull on thin filaments with more force more myofibrils per cross-sectional areaarrow_forwardIn normal skeletal muscle contraction, which of the following represents the correct sequence of events? 1. Action potential 2. Ca2+ release into cytoplasm 3. Interaction between actin and myosin filaments 4. Ca2+ is pumped back to cisterns 5. Depolarization of T tubules Answers A-F A 1-2-5-3-4 B C 1-4-5-3-2 1-5-2-3-4 D 5-1-2-3-4 E F 5-4-3-1-2 5-4-1-3-2 Oarrow_forwardDefine the all-or-none principle. The same student remarked that at 180 mV stimulus, it is expected that 100 g mass is lifted by the muscle fibre. Do you agree or disagree? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- In relaxed muscle, the myosin-binding site on adin is blocked by ?arrow_forwardThe sliding filament model of contraction is a theory that is used to explain how muscles contract to cause movement. The theory explains that the change in the length of the muscle during contraction is due to the sliding of the myofilaments past each other and not to a change in the length of either of the myofilaments.arrow_forwardDescribe and explain the sliding filament model of contraction. Be sure to include in your response a comparison between a relaxed and contracted sarcomere of a muscle fiber.arrow_forward
- Humming birds and rattlesnakes can contract and relax skeletal muscle very quickly, i.e. in 10-20 milliseconds. Which of the following steps must they have shortened to speed up contractions? more brief neuronal action potentials more brief skeletal muscle attion potentials shorter duration of calcium in the cytosol all of the abovearrow_forwardWhat effect does increasing the frequency of action potentials in askeletal muscle fiber have upon the force of contraction? Explain the mechanism responsible for this effect?arrow_forwardEpimysium Myosin Myofibril Muscle fiber Tendon www …....... Bahan fivearrow_forward
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