BROOKER BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781307656152
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG/CREATE
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Chapter 42, Problem 10TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Nerves relay messages from the sensory organs to the central nervous system and back forming a network. The messages are carried by the nerves in the form of electrical signals. The electrical signal passes to the next cell at a junction called a synapse. The presynaptic cell sends the signal and the postsynaptic cell receives it.
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Which of the following is NOT an example of communication that happens from one neuron to another neuron?
A. Endocrine signaling (ex. hormones secreted into the blood stream travel and bind to receptors on dstant cells).
B. Retrograde neurotransmission (ex.the dendrite releases a neuroactive substance that binds to receptors on the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron).
C. Electrical communication via propagation of action potential from one node of ranvier to the next node of ranvier.
D. Volume transmission (ex. neuropeptides diffuse away from the synapse and bind to receptors on adjacent cells)
E. Electrical communication through gap junctions.
Action potential conduction velocity is more rapid in a myelinated axon than an unmyelinated one because in a myelinated axon:
a.
the action potential travels as a continuous wave.
b.
there is a decrease in membrane resistance.
c.
the action potential jumps along the axon.
d.
there is an increase in membrane capacitance.
e.
there is an increase in the ion gradients.
What are all the possible ways that a neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft? Select all that apply.
A. Taken up by postsynaptic transporters
B. Taken up by presynaptic transporters
C. Broken down by enzymes in the cleft
D. Broken down by enzymes in the presynaptic side
E. Broken down by postsynaptic enzymes
Chapter 42 Solutions
BROOKER BIOLOGY
Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CSCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - What key prior observation led Loewi to develop...Ch. 42.4 - CoreSKILL The results of Loewis experiment...Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 3EQCh. 42 - Prob. 1TY
Ch. 42 - Prob. 2TYCh. 42 - The myelin sheath a. is produced by neurons in the...Ch. 42 - Prob. 4TYCh. 42 - Prob. 5TYCh. 42 - Which of the following contribute(s) to the...Ch. 42 - Prob. 7TYCh. 42 - Prob. 8TYCh. 42 - Prob. 9TYCh. 42 - Prob. 10TYCh. 42 - Prob. 1CQCh. 42 - Prob. 2CQCh. 42 - Prob. 3CQCh. 42 - Describe the difference between an electrical...Ch. 42 - Prob. 2COQ
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- Which of the following is true about the conduction of action potentials? a. Thicker axons are faster because there is more surface area on thicker axons. b. Myelin speeds conduction because the glial cells add voltage gated Na+ channels to the neuron. c. Diffusion of Na+ ions between the Nodes of Ranvier happens faster than the wave of opening and closing membrane proteins can travel. d. Neurons that don’t have myelin sheaths undergo saltatory conduction e. Action potentials move slowly.arrow_forwardIf a post synaptic neuron is stimulated to threshold by spatial summation this implies that Select one: a. the post synaptic cell has many voltage gated ion channels b. the post synaptic cell has a lower than normal threshold c. the post synaptic cell is slow to repolarize d. the post synaptic cell is synapsing with multiple presynaptic neuronsarrow_forwardIdentify the following as properties of electrical synapses (ES), chemical synapses (CS), or both (B). a. _____ The plasma membranes of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons are joined by gap junctions. b. _____ Transmission is unidirectional and delayed. c. _____ A presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron are involved. d. _____ The use of neurotransmitters packaged into synaptic vesicles is required. e. _____ Transmission is nearly instantaneous and bidirectionarrow_forward
- If a post synaptic neuron is stimulated to threshold by spatial summation this implies that Select one: a. the post synaptic cell has many voltage gated ion channels b. the post synaptic cell has a lower than normal threshold OC. the post synaptic cell is slow to repolarize d. the post synaptic cell is synapsing with multiple presynaptic neuronsarrow_forwardwhich one of the following statements is incorrect? a. temporal summation occurs when a single synaptic input is activated twice in succession, with the second postsynaptic potential occurring before the first postsynaptic potential is over. b. blocking voltage-gated k* channels in the presynaptic membrane of a typical chemical synapse is likely to reduce the amount of neurotransmitter released in response to a single action potential in the presynaptic axon. c. in the optic tectum of the hunting rattlesnake, spatial summation is used to combine inputs from visual and thermoreceptive layers in order to make a decision whether to strike at a mouse-like object. d. a single type of neurotransmitter can have different postsynaptic actions depending on the type of receptor to which it binds.arrow_forwardPostsynaptic potentials are graded potentials that develop in the postsynaptic membrane. Which one of the following statements accurately describes what causes EPSP's to occur at the postsynaptic membrane? Group of answer choices A.an EPSP results from the opening of voltage gated sodium channels B.an EPSP results from the opening of chemically gated sodium channels C.an EPSP results from the opening of voltage gated potassium channels D.an EPSP results from the opening of chemically gated potassium channelsarrow_forward
- Organophosphate pesticides inhibit the action of acetylcholinesterase. What effect does this have in the cell? Select one: a. It prevents synthesis of ACh in the presynaptic terminal causing less neurotransmitter release b. It prevents breakdown of ACh in the synapse causing increased activity at the postsynaptic cell c. It prevents reuptake of ACh into the presynaptic terminal causing increased activity at the postsynaptic cell d. It prevents binding of ACh on the postsynaptic cell causing less activity e. It prevents reuptake of ACh into the presynaptic terminal causing less neurotransmitter synthesis.arrow_forwardMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement if false, correct it to make a true statement. a. An excitatory postsynaptic potential is caused by K+ or Clchannels opening in the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron. b. Postsynaptic potentials may summate by spatial summation in which multiple neurons fire onto a single postsynaptic neuron. c. An inhibitory postsynaptic potential causes the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron to approach threshold. d. Spatial summation can combine two EPSPs, two IPSPs, or an EPSP and an IPSParrow_forwardWhich of the following statements does NOT correctly describe the repolarization of a neuron? a. The potassium channels are slower to open, allowing the potassium ions to leave after depolarization. b. The potassium ions leave the cell, thereby returning the neuron to its resting potential. c. The neuron becomes more polarized and more negatively charged than its original resting membrane potential. d. The sodium and potassium channels open, allowing the positive ions to move out of the cell.arrow_forward
- Postsynaptic potential’s are graded potential’s that develop in the postsynaptic membrane. If the release of a neurotransmitter at a post synaptic membrane leads to hyper polarization, this event is referred to as A. EPSP B. ISIP C. Summation D. Facilitationarrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE regarding the absolute and relative refractory periods of the action potential (AP)? A. The absolute refractory period may be overcome if enough excitatory stimulation is applied to the neuronal membrane. B. The absolute refractory period is due the closing of the activation gate of voltage gated sodium channels at the peak of the AP. C. The relative refractory period is due to the closing of the activation gate of voltage gated potassium channels during the overshoot phase of the AP. D. The relative refractory period is due the closing of the inactivation gate of voltage gated sodium channels . E. All of the above statements are FALSE.arrow_forwardPostsynaptic potential’s are graded potential’s that develop in the postsynaptic membrane. If the release of a neurotransmitter at a post synaptic membrane leads to hyper polarization, this event is referred to as A. EPSP B. ISIP C. Summation D. Facilitation An individual EPSP usually only produces a slight depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. If multiple stimuli arrive in rapid succession at a single synapse, this can lead to the generation of an action potential. This mode of generating action potentials is referred to as A. Spatial summation B. Facilitation c. Temporal summation D. Inhibition arrow_forward
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