Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781305104136
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Chapter 4.2, Problem 1LO
Describe the major historical
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Major league baseball did not have any black players until Jackie Robinson broke the color line in 1947, even though there was no doubt that black athletes had the requisite playing skills. Was this most likely to be indicative of employer, employee, consumer, or statistical discrimination?
The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is an annual telephone survey designed to identify risk factors in the adult population and report emerging health trends. The following table displays the distribution of health status of respondents to this survey (excellent, very good, good, fair, poor) and whether or not they have health insurance.
Excellent
Very good
Good
Fair
Poor
Total
No health coverage
459
727
854
385
99
2524
Health coverage
4198
6245
4821
1634
578
17476
Total
4657
6972
5675
2019
667
20000
(a) Why is being in excellent health and having health coverage not mutally exclusive? Please leave a detailed answer and how you found out.
(b) If we draw one individual at random, what is the probability that the respondent has excellent health or doesn't have health coverage? Please leave a detailed answer on how you found that answer.
(c) What is the probability that a randomly chosen individual has excellent health given that he has health…
Explain the Holt-Winter and Brown forecasting technique
Chapter 4 Solutions
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 4.2 - Describe the major historical events that helped...Ch. 4.2 - Describe and apply the three ethical principles of...Ch. 4.2 - Describe the major elements of the APA ethical...Ch. 4.3 - Describe the major elements of the APA ethical...Ch. 4.3 - Describe the purpose and responsibilities of the...Ch. 4.4 - Define fraud and explain the safeguards that exist...Ch. 4.4 - Define plagiarism and explain the techniques that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1ECh. 4 - For each of the following, identify which of the...Ch. 4 - Explain the role of voluntary participation in...
Ch. 4 - Explain the difference between passive and active...Ch. 4 - Explain how the enforcement of confidentiality...Ch. 4 - Describe in your own words the criteria that the...Ch. 4 - Find your colleges IRB guidelines and procedures...Ch. 4 - Summarize the major APA ethical standards...Ch. 4 - Describe how replication protects against fraud...Ch. 4 - Although experiments typically manipulate some...
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- Does wearing glasses have an association with whether students play a musical instrument?arrow_forwardIn 1972, half of a group of 111 low-income children from Chapel Hill, NC were randomly chosen for enrollment in an intensive pre-school program, while the other half were not enrolled in any preschool program. 30 years later the preschool group had a higher % attending college, higher average GPA for those who did attend college, and higher average wages than the non-preschool group. Fill in the following table. Is there a control treatment (and, if so, what is it)? Is there any accounting for individual variation? Is there repetition in the experiment? Is the experiment reproducible? Can we say with some confidence that preschool has some lasting effects on career outcomes?arrow_forwardWould observations or interviews be more appropriate to research the following topic?How bullying affects gay teensO ObservationsO Interviewsarrow_forward
- The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is an annual telephone survey designed to identify risk factors in the adult population and reportemerging health trends. The following table summarizes two variables for the respondents: health status and health coverage, which describes whether each respondent had health insurance: Health Status Excellent Very Good Good Fair Poor Total Health No 459 727 854 385 99 2524 Coverage Yes 4198 6245 4821 1634 578 17476 Total 4657 6972 5675 2019 677 20000 If we draw one individual at random, what is the probability that the respondent has health coverage if they have good health? Answer with a decimal rounded to 3 decimal places.arrow_forwardThe National Assessment for Educational Progress (NAEP) is a U.S. government organization that assesses the performance of students and schools at all levels across the United States. The following table presents the percentage of eighth-grade students who were found to be proficient in mathematics and the percentage who were found to be proficient in reading in each of the ten most populous states. Use excels to find: State Percentage Proficient in Reading Percentage Proficient in Mathematics California 60 59 Texas 73 78 New York 75 70 Florida 66 68 Illinois 75 70 Pennsylvania 79 77 Ohio 79 76 Michigan 73 66 Georgia 67 64 North Carolina 71 73 Activities: Construct a scatterplot with reading proficiency on the horizontal axis and math proficiency on the vertical axis. Is there a linear relationship? Compute the correlation between reading proficiency and math proficiency. Is the linear…arrow_forwardThe contingency table for a sample of corporate executives classified by educational level and the social activity follows. Social Activity Education Above Average Average Below Average College 30 20 10 High School 20 40 90 Grade School 10 50 130 What does the expected frequency for the "above average" social activity and "high school" education equal?arrow_forward
- A researcher wants to determine if there is a relationship between income earned by siblings and birth order in families of three siblings. What type of study must the researcher use in this situation? A.experimental B.observationalarrow_forwardA report provided an overview of the complaints about airlines received by the Department of Transportation. The table below gives the number of complaints received by type of complaint for the years 2014 and 2015. Type of Complaint 2014 Number ofComplaints Received 2015 Number ofComplaints Received Flight Problems 4,404 5,606 Baggage Handling 1,528 2,050 Reservations, Ticketing, Boarding 1,276 1,807 Customer Service 1,101 1,728 Fares 699 1,300 Other 2,257 2,769 Use the given information to estimate the following probabilities. (Round your answers to three decimal places.) c)the probability that two complaints made in 2015 were both about flight problemsarrow_forwardIn the same passage, what is the response variable and is it quantitative or categorical?arrow_forward
- A Pew Research study conducted in 2017 found that approximately 75% of Americans believe that robots and computers might one day do many of the jobs currently done by people.† Suppose we have the following data collected from nurses, tax auditors, and fast-food workers in which a higher score means the person feels his or her job is more likely to be automated. Nurse TaxAuditor Fast-FoodWorker 3 4 5 4 5 8 6 4 6 2 4 8 3 6 5 3 3 6 4 5 6 5 3 4 (a) Use ? = 0.05 to test for differences in the belief that a person's job is likely to be automated for the three professions. State the null and alternative hypotheses. H0: μNurse = μTax auditor = μFast-food worker Ha: μNurse ≠ μTax auditor ≠ μFast-food worker H0: At least two of the population means are equal. Ha: At least two of the population means are different. H0: Not all the population means are equal. Ha: μNurse = μTax auditor = μFast-food worker H0: μNurse = μTax auditor = μFast-food worker Ha:…arrow_forwardA Pew Research study conducted in 2017 found that approximately 75% of Americans believe that robots and computers might one day do many of the jobs currently done by people.† Suppose we have the following data collected from nurses, tax auditors, and fast-food workers in which a higher score means the person feels his or her job is more likely to be automated. Nurse TaxAuditor Fast-FoodWorker 4 4 5 4 5 8 5 6 6 2 3 8 2 6 5 3 3 6 4 5 5 6 2 5 (a)Use ? = 0.05 to test for differences in the belief that a person's job is likely to be automated for the three professions. State the null and alternative hypotheses. 1. H0: μNurse = μTax auditor = μFast-food worker Ha: Not all the population means are equal. 2. H0: Not all the population means are equal. Ha: μNurse = μTax auditor = μFast-food worker 3. H0: At least two of the population means are equal. Ha: At least two of the population means are different. 4. H0: μNurse ≠ μTax auditor ≠ μFast-food worker…arrow_forwardDetermine whether each of the following studies described is observational or an experiment. If the study is an experiment, identify the control and treatment groups, and disucss whether single-or double-blinding is necessary. If the study is observational, state whether it is a retrospective study, and if so, identify the cases and controls. A National Cancer Institute study of 716 melanoma patients and 1014 cancer-free patients matched by age, sex, and race found that those having a single large mole had twice the risk of melanoma. Having 10 or more moles was associated wiht a 12 times greater risk of melanoma.arrow_forward
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