BIOLOGY CONNECT ACCESS CARD 1-SEMESTER
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781264019090
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCG/CREATE
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Question
Chapter 42, Problem 5A
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Summation is a phenomenon that determines if an action potential is going to be triggered due to the combined effects of inhibitory and excitatory signals. Summation is basically of two types; temporal summation and spatial summation.
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Given what you already know about the sensation of pain, what is the expected change in membrane potential when pain is felt by sensory receptors?
Select one:
a. The nerve impulses increase in strength and lower the threshold potential.
b. The nerve impulses occur more frequently, thereby transmitting more action potentials according to the intensity of pain.
c. The nerve impulses occur more frequently and prevent neurons from entering the refractory period.
d. The nerve impulses increase in strength, thereby making the maximum membrane potential higher than normal.
Which options are true regarding the gate control theory of pain?
Select all that apply:
a. Mechanoreceptor fibres synapse directly onto nociceptor fibres and potentiate incoming pain signals
b. Mechanoreceptor fibres synapse onto interneurons, which synapse onto nociceptor fibres and potentiate incoming pain signals
c. Applying a mechanical stimulus, such as grabbing the injured area, will soothe the injury
d. Mechanoreceptor fibres synapse directly onto nociceptor fibres and inhibit incoming pain signals
e. Mechanoreceptor fibres synapse onto interneurons, which synapse onto nociceptor fibres and inhibit incoming pain signals
f. Applying a mechanical stimulus, such as grabbing the injured area, is a natural defensive reaction, but does little to actually affect incoming pain signals.
Give two examples of pain excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
Chapter 42 Solutions
BIOLOGY CONNECT ACCESS CARD 1-SEMESTER
Ch. 42.1 - Differentiate between subdivisions of the...Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 42.1 - Explain the roles of the different nervous system...Ch. 42.2 - Contrast the relative concentrations of important...Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 42.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 42.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 42.4 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 42.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 42.5 - Describe the organization of the peripheral...Ch. 42.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 42.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 42.5 - Prob. 4LOCh. 42 - Data analysis Draw the resulting potentials for...Ch. 42 - Prob. 2DACh. 42 - Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 42 - The ____ cannot be controlled by conscious...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3UCh. 42 - Inhibitory neurotransmitters a. hyperpolarize...Ch. 42 - White matter is ______, and gray matter is...Ch. 42 - During an action potential a. the rising phase is...Ch. 42 - Prob. 7UCh. 42 - Imagine that you are doing an experiment on the...Ch. 42 - The Na+/K+ ATPase pump is a. not required for...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3ACh. 42 - The following is a list of the components of a...Ch. 42 - Prob. 5ACh. 42 - As you sit quietly reading this sentence, the part...Ch. 42 - G proteincoupled receptors are involved in the...Ch. 42 - Tetraethylammonium (TEA) is a drug that blocks...Ch. 42 - Describe the status of the Na+ and K+ channels at...Ch. 42 - Describe the steps required to produce an...Ch. 42 - Prob. 4S
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- If a kitten has one eye shut for its first few weeks of life, its visual cortex becomes insensitive to that eye. Why? a. The receptors die. b. Any axon that is not used for that long becomes unable to respond. c. Activity from the active eye displaces synapses from the inactive eye.arrow_forwardRelate the methods of pain control to the gate-controltheory.arrow_forwardA pin can be pressed against the skin lightly and elicit no response from the pain receptor. However, if the pin is jabbed into the finger, the pain receptor may be stimulated and the finger would quickly be withdrawn through a reflex arc. Use what you know about threshold potential and the all-or-none principle to explain different levels of sensation (light touch or pain)arrow_forward
- If all neurons transmit the same type of message, how do you know the difference between sound and light? How are you able to distinguish between an intense pain and a mild one? How are these discriminationsadaptive?arrow_forwardHair cell vibrations that open and close ion channels in the membrane are the basis of which sensory process? a. hearing b. vision c. smell d. taste Which of the following is NOT associated with depression? a. Elevated angiotensin II b. Elevated glutamate c. Elevated glucocorticoidsarrow_forwardThe receptors for sweet, bitter, and umami tastes all resemble which of these? A. Metabotropic synaptic receptors B. The rods in the retina C. The hair cells of the auditory system D. Endocrine glandsarrow_forward
- What are phantom sensations? a. Sensations caused by simultaneous stimulation of more than one kind b. Sensations that are not caused by a physical stimulation c. Pain sensations from massive trauma d. Sensations elicited by pheromones.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast somatosensation and pain pathways.arrow_forwardTonic receptors a.are fast-adapting. b.do not fire continuously to a sustained stimulus. c.produce action potentials at a greater frequency as the generator potential is increased. d.are described by all of these.arrow_forward
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