BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781265202859
Author: BROOKER
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Question
Chapter 43, Problem 1CQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The reason that reflexes are adaptive.
Introduction: Different organisms have different types of nervous system. For example, jellyfishes have a simple nerve net and humans contain a well-defined complex nervous system. The environmental changes that generate involuntary responses in the body are known as the stimulus. However, these involuntary responses generated by the body due to such stimulus are known as reflexes.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Many neurotoxins have been used extensively in physiological studies of neurons. When comparing tetrodotoxin found in puffer fish and batrachotoxins from poison dart-frogs, the former had no effect on a neurons resting potential but completely stopped its action potential, whereas the later toxin immediately initiates depolarization of a neuron but prevents repolarization. Can your group hypothesize how these toxins affect the nerve transmission differently?
The first phylum with ganglia in their nervous system are the (Mollusca/Nematoda/Bivalvia/Platyhelminthes)?
You see a patient who has Guillian-Barre Syndrome, a disorder where the body destroys Schwann cells. What do you hypothesize happens to the patient's knee-jerk
reflex?
It will be decreased because saltatory conduction won't occur
It will be exaggerated because the patient will experience increased sensitivity in the dorsal root ganglia.
It will be exaggerated because conduction velocity in the multipolar neuron is increased
It will be decreased because the spinal cord has decreased white matter.
Chapter 43 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 43.1 - Core Skill: Connections Nervous systems are one of...Ch. 43.1 - Scientists have determined that the brain mass of...Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.3 - Core Skill: Modeling The goal of this modeling...Ch. 43.3 - What was the hypothesis proposed by Gaser and...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 2EQCh. 43.3 - CoreSKILL Based on the results described here and...Ch. 43 - A nerve net consists of a. bilateral neurons that...
Ch. 43 - Prob. 2TYCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYCh. 43 - The white matter of the CNS is composed of a....Ch. 43 - Prob. 5TYCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYCh. 43 - Prob. 7TYCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYCh. 43 - In humans, the ______ blank hemisphere of the...Ch. 43 - ______ blank is a progressive disease that causes...Ch. 43 - Prob. 1CQCh. 43 - Prob. 2CQCh. 43 - Core Concept: Systems New properties of life...Ch. 43 - Discuss how the two parts of the nervous system of...Ch. 43 - List the three major divisions of the brain of...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Visit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurolab)to see a virtual neurophysiology lab, and to observeelectrophysiological processes in the nervous system,where scientists directly measure the electrical signalsproduced by neurons. Often, the action potentials occur sorapidly that watching a screen to see them occur is nothelpful. A speaker is powered by the signals recorded froma neuron and it “pops” each time the neuron fires an actionpotential. These action potentials are firing so fast that itsounds like static on the radio. Electrophysiologists canrecognize the patterns within that static to understand whatis happening. Why is the leech model used for measuringthe electrical activity of neurons instead of using humans?arrow_forwardVisit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/nervetissue3) to learn about how nervous tissue is composed of neurons and glial cells. Neurons are dynamic cells with the ability to make a vast number of connections, to respond incredibly quickly to stimuli, and to initiate movements on the basis of those stimuli. They are the focus of intense research because failures in physiology can lead to devastating illnesses. Why are neurons only found in animals? Based on what this article says about neuron function, why wouldn't they be helpful for plants or microorganisms?arrow_forwardMysterlous Paralysis Like a polio ward from the 1950s is how Guy McKhann, M.D., a neurology specialist at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, describes a ward of Beijing Hospital that he visited on a trip to China in 1986. Dozens of paralyzed children some attached to respirators to assist their breathing filled the ward to over owing. The Chinese doctors thought the children had Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), a rare paralytic condition, but Dr. McKhann wasn't convinced. There were simply too many stricken children for the illness to be the rare Guillain-Barre syndrome. Was it polio as some of the Beijing staff feared? Or was it another illness, perhaps one that had not yet been discovered? Which division(s) of the nervous system may be involved in Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)? Paragraph - B I E E Path parrow_forward
- 1.) What is the divisions of the nervous system 2.) what is the parts of neuron and synapse 3.) what is the parts of a graph of membrane potential 4.) what is the structures and functions of the eye, ear and brain - parts of the reflex arcarrow_forwardDemyelination is the loss of myelin from neurones that are normally myelinated. Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which demyelination occurs in neurones involved in coordinating muscle movement. Using your knowledge of nerve impulse generation and propagation, explain how nerve impulse generation and propagation would be affected in people who have multiple sclerosis. The explanation needs to be in the form of a step by step sequence of annotated drawings. This could be in the form of an annotated cartoon/picture strip. Compare this to nerve impulse generation and propagation in an individual who does not have multiple sclerosis.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding the motor end plate in the somatic motor division of the nervous system is true? After the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels, the neuron releases ACh onto the muscarinic receptors on the surface of the highly folded area of the muscle fibre. The preganglionic nerve fibre releases ACh onto the postganglionic nerve fibre, which then releases ACh onto the cholinergic receptors of the motor end plate. Chemically gated monovalent cation channels on the motor end plate are activated once the motor neuron releases ACh onto the nicotinic receptors on the surface of the muscle cell. The AChE enzyme enhances the amount of ACh released into the neuromuscular junctionarrow_forward
- All of the followings are correct except, ---------------------. Even “simple” nervous systems can display complex behavior More complex nervous systems show centralization In many species, ganglia grouped together at the anterior end form an integrating center Nerve nets carry action potentials in both directions interconnected nerves are called gangliaarrow_forwardGuillain-Barré syndrome has been reported worldwide after vaccination against COVID-19. A 76-year old woman presented with a tingling sensation in her upper and lower limbs and had repeated falls caused by bilateral lower limb weakness after receiving a second dose of vaccine (The Lancet Neurology, 2022). (i) Based on the description, which division(s) of the nervous system may be involved in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)? (ii) Though the exact cause of GBS is not known, in classical GBS the immune system destroys the myelin sheath. What would you expect the results of a nerve conduction test to be if it is performed on the GBS patient? Explain.arrow_forwardDo a concept map on the divisions of the Nervous System by using ALL words below: Start with the Nervous System (black box) and then continue building the concept map. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Afferent Division Controls Skeletal Muscle Decreases & maintains heart rate, Contraction respiratory rate; stimulated digestion Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) Efferent Division Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Somatic Nervous System (SNS) Fight or Flight Response Rest & Digest Response Controls involuntary visceral Increases heart & functions respiration rate; stops digestion Sympathetic Nervous System Brain & Spinal Cord Controls voluntary activities Parasympathetic Nervous System Motor pathways By using motor neurons Sensory pathways By using sensory neuronsarrow_forward
- What is advantage and disadvantage of evolutionary trend toward cephalization of nervous systemarrow_forwardThe venom of many cobras contains a potent neurotoxin that binds to ligand-gated Na+ channels,causing them to open. Unlike ACh, which binds to and then rapidly unbinds from ligand-gated Na+ channels, the neurotoxin tends to remain bound to ligand-gated Na+ channels. How does this neurotoxin affect the nervous system’s ability to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction? How does it affect the ability of skeletal muscle fibers to respond to stimulation?arrow_forwardAnimals are continuously bombarded by a vast array of environmental stimuli. Consider how animals with the simplest and most complex bilateral nervous systems (flatworms and mammals, respectively) might filter and preferentially respond to these environmental stimuli.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Nervous System - Get to know our nervous system a bit closer, how does it works? | Neurology; Author: FreeMedEducation;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6O-0CVAgaEM;License: Standard youtube license