BIOLOGY (LL)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781264115495
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 4.3, Problem 2CS
Summary Introduction
To explain: The relation between the shapes of structures involved in the gas exchange and the surface area/volume ratio.
Introduction: Living organisms consist of cells and almost all cells are small in size. The large sized organisms have more number of cells instead of having larger cells. Cells are small in size so that the amount of nutrient uptake and waste export through the plasma membrane can be decreased. A cell should have an appropriate surface area to volume ration in order to sustain.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
BIO 135: Basic Anatomy & Physiology
Chapter 14: Respiratory System
f.
reflex protects lung tissues when taking deep breaths
in by telling the primary respiratory center to stop sending motor impulses to the
respiratory muscles and accessory muscles, and the bronchial tree, limiting inspiration
and overexpansion of the lungs.
g. What happens to your breathing rate during exercise and why?
h. When oxygen levels in the blood get too low, chemoreceptors located in the
and
in the carotid arteries and aorta
respectively, will send impulses to the primary respiratory center, which will (increase or
decrease) impulses to the respiratory muscles, which will (increase or decrease) breaths
per minute.
i. What happens to blood oxygen levels?
ii. What happens to blood carbon dioxide levels?
iii. What happens to blood hydrogen ion levels?
i. Explain Cheyne-Stokes respiration.
7. Gas Exchange (Fig. 14.10, p. 346)
a.
b.
the exchange of respiratory gases between the
alveoli in the lungs and the blood…
Help
Save & Exit
Andrew has lived his whole life in San Diego, CA at sea level. One summer in college he gets a job as a field biologist in the Colorado Rockies (elevation
7500 ft. above sea level). The first week he is in Colorado he experiences altitude sickness from the change in atmosphere. Altitude sickness is
characterized by fatigue and shortness of breath as a result of the thinner air which contains less oxygen.
a. How does Andrew's fatigue and shortness of breath relate to the cellular respiration pathway?
be.
b. What would you expect to find if you test the level of lactic acid in Andrew's blood? Explain your answer.
.9
C. A couple weeks later, Andrew is feeling better but he noticed that his appetite has increased. Explain why this might be.
BIO 135: Basic Anatomy & Physiology
Chapter 14: Respiratory System
8. Gas Transport (p. 347-348; Fig. 14.10)
a. 97% of oxygen entering the capillaries in the lungs will be transported to tissue cells
in the red blood cells. How is the last 2 -3% of
bound
oxygen carried to tissue cells?
i. When oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the lungs, the hemoglobin changes shape
and the name changes to
This O₂-
blood travels throughout the body supplying oxygen to our tissue cells.
to
ii. At the tissue cells, oxygen diffuses from
concentration from
the systemic capillaries into the ECF and then into the tissue cells. Now the
blood in the system capillaries have (high or low) oxygen concentrations. This
causes the hemoglobin the red blood cells to change shape again and its name
changes from oxyhemoglobin to
This O₂ --
to pick up more
blood is now on its way to the
oxygen.
b. Approximately.
% of CO₂ that enters the systemic capillaries from the tissue cells,
will travel as a dissolved gas in the blood.…
Chapter 4 Solutions
BIOLOGY (LL)
Ch. 4.1 - What properties of deep-sea vents made them...Ch. 4.1 - Which protobiont seems most similar to todays...Ch. 4.1 - Core Skill: Connections Look back at Figure 3.11....Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 2CSCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1CS
Ch. 4.4 - Describe the type of movements that occur between...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 2CSCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1CSCh. 4.5 - If we consider the Golgi apparatus as three...Ch. 4.5 - The Nucleus and Endomembrane System Experimental...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 2EQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 3EQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.6 - Core Skill: Connections Look ahead to Figure...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4 - The cell theory states that a. all living things...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2TYCh. 4 - Prob. 3TYCh. 4 - Prob. 4TYCh. 4 - Each of the following is part of the endomembrane...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6TYCh. 4 - Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8TYCh. 4 - Prob. 9TYCh. 4 - Which of the following observations would not be...Ch. 4 - What are the four stages that led to the origin of...Ch. 4 - Explain how motor proteins and cytoskeletal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3CQCh. 4 - Discuss the roles of the genome and proteome in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2COQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- equation. Droduct Property ess Your Learning Direction: Write the capital letter of the correct answer. 1. Which of the following statements about the human respiratory system is NOT TRUE? A. when we breathe in, air travels from the pharynx to the trachea B. the bronchioles branch into bronchi C. Alveolar ducts connect to the alveolar sacs D. gas exchange between the lungs and the blood takes place in the alveolus 2. Which of the following statements about the circulatory system is NOT TRUE? A. blood in the pulmonary vein is deoxygenated B. blood in the inferior vena cava is deoxygenated C. blood in the pulmonary artery is deoxygenated D blood in the gorto in ouganntodarrow_forwardLung model with heart, larynx and diaphragm Identify the following structures with the help of your textbook and the keys Larynx, trachea Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, tracheal cartilage Cricothyroid ligament, thyrohyoid membrane Inside the model (not shown in the picture): Esophagus, Bronchi: Main/Primary bronchus, Lobar/Secondary bronchus, Segmental/Tertiary bronchus, Terminal bronchiole Lungs: Apex, base, diaphragm. In the right lung: Transverse fissure, oblique fissure, superior lobe, middle lobe, inferior lobe. In the left lung: oblique fissure, superior lobe, inferior lobe, cardiac notcharrow_forwardBIO 135: Basic Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 14: Respiratory System f. Respiratory Volumes and Capacities: i. Instrument used to measure volumes of air exchanged in one breath: b. ii. Recording from a spirometer that shows the measurements of breathing pattern: iii. 500 ml of air 1. How many milliliters participates in gas exchange? 2. How many milliliters is trapped in the conducting zone (dead space)? iv. Maximum total volume of air that can be moved in or out the lungs in one breath: 1. Varies by how much you increase your breathing above the tidal volume 2. Illnesses that decrease this capacity: (define each) - p. 350 a. Pulmonary fibrosis: b. Black lung: C. Chronic bronchitis: d. Emphysema: Asthma: f. Pneumonia: g. Pulmonary tuberculosis: e. v. vi. Amount of air forcefully exhaled (1400 ml) = vii. Amount of air that remains in lungs after exhalation = viii. Maximum amount of air that can be held in lungs (1000 ml) = Forced inspiration (2900 ml) = 6. Control of Ventilation: Nervous…arrow_forward
- State the name of the structure where the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place? Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the respiratory system of humans. Ref: A511903, 1.5 Last Updated: 22/11/2022 8:50 am 8 of 1- Stage 1 Biology - Task S Skills and Applications Tasarrow_forwardSOURCE: Gills are the main site of gas exchange in almost all fishes. The gills consist of bony or cartilaginously stiffened arches that anchor pairs of gill filaments. In sharks, the pairs of gill filaments are separated by a fleshy septum. The numerous, minute lamellae that protrude from both sides of each filament are the primary sites of gas exchange; however, not all the blood flow in the gills is directed to the lamellae. "Nonrespiratory basal blood channels or venolymphatic simuses may carry a significant fraction of the gall blood found that resting rainbow trout perfused approximately 58% of their lamellae with blood. Trout in hypoxic (low dissolved oxygen) water or injected with epinepherine (eg. simulating stress or excitement) perfused more than 70% of their lamellae. Conversely, injections of acetylcholine decreased perfused lamellae to approximately 43%. These results indicate that rainbow trout can increase the number of lamellae that are used in respiration as the…arrow_forwardGuide Questions: 1. What are the three major types of respiratory structures in vertebrates? 2. Why do avian lungs are unique compared with other vertebrates?arrow_forward
- Fig 1.1 shows a section through the human chest. The gross structure od the human gasexchange system is shown. Description of some parts of the gas exchange system are shown in Table 1.1.Complete Table 1.1 to:• State the name of the part described.• Write a letter from Fig 1.1 to identify each part please solve the all parts based image max 15-20 minutes and no reject thank uarrow_forwardMatch the description below with the proper function. Forced breathing [ Choose ] [Choose ] requires only diaphragm and intercostal muscles how gas exchange occurs Space on right lung to provide room for the heart space on left lung to provide room for the heart requires multiple muscle contractions controls breathing by contraction and relaxation Diaphragm Cardiac notch Diffusion [ Choose ]arrow_forwardQ2) List the 5 reasons why gas exchange at the respiratory membrane is efficient?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Respiratory System; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_j-LD2YEqg;License: Standard youtube license