Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 44, Problem 6TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The process of osmoregulation and excretion is highly regulated in all organism to maintain the homeostasis in the body. Maintenance of the fluid composition and the osmoregulation is required for the proper
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the process that initiates urine formation in most types of vertebrates is ultrafiltration of fluid from the blood plasma into kidney tubules under the force of blood pressure. What properties of the blood plasma in the urine-forming structures of the kidney are likely to affect the rate of ultrafiltration into the kidney tubules? Why is failure of urine production a potential side effect of heart disease?
10) Osmoregulation refers to the ability of an organism to maintain homeostasis with respect to
the solute concentration of their bodies.
Euryhaline fish are able to live in both fresh water and salt water at different points of their life.
In order to osmoregulate in both environments, one physiological change that occurs in these fish
is the direction in which they actively transport ions across their gills.
a) In what direction are ions actively transported across the gills of euryhaline fish when they are
in freshwater versus salt water?
In freshwater:
(into body or out of body)
In salt water:
(into body or out of body)
b) Briefly explain why active transport is required in these cases.
121
11) The table below compares and contrasts carrier protein pumps with clathrin-dependent
receptor-mediated endocytosis. Fill in the empty spaces of the table with the appropriate ans
Clathrin-
Carrier protein
dependent
receptor mediated
endocytosis
pump
Involvement of multiple types of
proteins?…
In a freshwater fish, a. water moves into the fish by osmosis.b. ions diffuse into the fish.c. urine has a high solute concentration.d. cells pump ions out of the fish.
Chapter 44 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 44 - Indicate whether the following animals are...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2IQCh. 44 - Which of the three excretory processes is least...Ch. 44 - a. What substances are removed from the blood...Ch. 44 - In the following diagram of a nephron and...Ch. 44 - a. What type of nephron enables the production of...Ch. 44 - Prob. 7IQCh. 44 - Provide the following information concerning the...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 44 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 44 - Transport epithelia are responsible for a. pumping...Ch. 44 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 44 - The process of secretion in the formation of urine...Ch. 44 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 18TYK
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- The functional unit of the mammalian kidney is similar to a piece of dialysis tubing. Quantities of blood plasma that contain dilute amounts of the waste product urea are filtered into the nephron. The concentration of urea in the developing urine is increased by moving water from inside the nephron to the outside. Urea is a larger molecule than water, and unlike water, cannot pass through the membrane of the nephron. Imagine you have been given a piece of dialysis tubing that simulates the nephron membrane, a dilute solution of urea in water, and a beaker of salt water. Applying the concepts and methods used in this investigation, describe how you could concentrate the dilute solution of urea. You can use a drawing to help explain your ideas.arrow_forwardThe mammalian kidney contains an immense network of nephrons that functions to conserve water by producing urine that is hyperosmotic compared to other body fluids. Describe in detail how the transport epithelia of the nephron and collecting duct are able to use transport mechanisms to process the filtrate as it moves through the vessels and produce a hyperosmotic filtrate.arrow_forwardExplain how insects are capable of secreting concentrated urine without depending on high blood pressure filtration.arrow_forward
- If a kangaroo rat was to drink excessive alcohol, how would that effect him in terms of osmoregulation?arrow_forwardWould you expect an ostrich to excrete excess nitrogen as uric acid, urea, or ammonia? Make an argument for your answer.arrow_forwardIn a short essay (100–150 words), compare how membrane structures in the loop of Henle and collecting duct of the mammalian kidney enable water to be recovered from filtrate in the process of osmoregulation.arrow_forward
- Describe the underlying osmoregulation issues that aquatic and terrestrial animals confront, as well as their solutions for overcoming them. Emphasize how their osmoregulatory organs have modified.arrow_forwardTo keep the proper concentrations of water and solutes in their blood, freshwater bony fish must drinka. lots of water and excrete large volumes of urine that are hypotonic to body fluids.b. no water and excrete large volumes of urine that are hypotonic to body fluids.c. lots of water and excrete large volumes of urine that are isotonic to body fluids.d. no water and excrete large volumes of urine that are isotonic to body fluids.arrow_forwardWhich mechanism of osmoregulation is shared by sharks and hagfish? the osmolarity of their plasma is about the same as that of sea water both are osmoregulators both excrete all of their nitrogenous wastes as uric acid both drink large amounts of fresh water to avoid desiccation (drying out)arrow_forward
- Describe osmoregulators or osmoconformers and how these tools allow animals to adapt to different environmentsarrow_forwardRegarding osmoregulation, what physiological and behavioral changes would occur as a fish migrates from a freshwater stream to the ocean?arrow_forwardMannitol is a sugar that does not pass through the walls of capillaries in the brain. It also does not cross the wall of kidney tubules, the structures that transport blood filtrate to become urine. Explain why mannitol can be considered as osmotically active. How might its clinical administration help to prevent swelling of the brain in head trauma? Also, explain the effect it might have on the water content of urine.arrow_forward
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