BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781264104680
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 44, Problem 8TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: There are two types of photoreceptor cells in a human eye known as rods and cones. They both contain different types of opsin protein, which is a component of visual pigment. The visual pigment in rods is rhodopsin, whereas, in cones, the visual pigment is photopsins.
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The dissociation of rhodopsin in the rods in response to light causes a.the Na+ channels to become blocked. b.the rods to secrete less neurotransmitter. c.the bipolar cells to become either stimulated or inhibited. d.all of these.
When a single photon from a source of light hits the retina in the eye, it triggers a signal that travels along the optic nerve to the occipital lobe of the brain.
The interaction of a photon with the photoreceptors in the retina first causes the movement of sodium ions into a sensory neuron. What happens after the movement of sodium ions?
a. Sodium ions move out of a sensory neuron.
b. Potassium ions move out of a sensory neuron.
c. Sodium ions move into an interneuron.
d. Potassium ions move into an interneuron.
Regarding the sensation of various species, which of the following statements is false?
A. The eyes of honeybees transduce parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that are invisible to humans
B. Bats ears transduce sound waves that humans cannot hear
C. Research has shown that the human eye transducers all of the electromagnetic spectrum to the brain, but the brain is unable to perceive it.
D. Sharks have special organs that can sense the bioelectric fields of other living things
Chapter 44 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 44.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 44.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 44.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.5 - Prob. 1CSCh. 44.5 - Why is red-green color blindness rare in females?Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 2CS
Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.6 - Prob. 1EQCh. 44.6 - CoreSKILL Of the two hypotheses explaining how...Ch. 44.6 - Prob. 3EQCh. 44.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44 - The process in which incoming sensory stimulation...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2TYCh. 44 - ______blanksense pain; ______blank sense heat or...Ch. 44 - Prob. 4TYCh. 44 - In which process(es) are hair cells involved? a....Ch. 44 - Prob. 6TYCh. 44 - In the mammalian eye, light from near or far...Ch. 44 - Prob. 8TYCh. 44 - Prob. 9TYCh. 44 - The stimulation for olfaction involves odorant...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1CQCh. 44 - Prob. 2CQCh. 44 - Prob. 3CQCh. 44 - Discuss the several types of sensory stimuli that...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2COQ
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- Which one of the following statements about photoreception is true? a. Light detection is initiated by the absorbance of light (a photon) by a photopigment molecule. b. Light detection is synonomous with vision. c. Light detection is always initiated in a rod photoreceptor located in the retina. d. Only light in the visible range (between 400 and 700 nm wavelength) can be detected by animals. e. None of the above answer choices (neither A, nor B, nor C, nor D) is true.arrow_forwardEach of the following statements is false. Correct each statement to make it true. a. Activation of rhodopsin depolarizes photoreceptors. b. Activated rhodopsin activates transducin which deactivates cGMP phosphodiesterase. c. Cyclic GMP binds sodium channels, keeping them open, leading to the depolarization of photoreceptor in light.arrow_forwardWhich of the following about electric organs is FALSE? Select one: a. They are most effective in the sea as the salinity is high b. They have the ability to detect behaviours such as threat, submission and courtship C. They are most effective in the sea as the salinity is high d. They can detect sex and species of other fish e. They are common in freshwater fish that live in murky water or hunt at nightarrow_forward
- Choose the best answer ? A receptor that detects changes in pH, or specific molecules in theenvironment, would be classified as a a. mechanoreceptor. d. thermoreceptor.b. photoreceptor. e. None of these are correct.c. chemoreceptor.arrow_forwardA device that monitors the activity of the photoreceptor cells of the eye indicates that there is a constant flow of neurotransmitter being released by the photoreceptor cells. This information implies that the subject is a. reading. b. in a dark room. c. outside in sunlight. d. in a brightly lit auditorium. e. focusing on a distant object.arrow_forwardSelect the statement that best describes how the nervous system encodes sensory input. a. Neural coding permits precise assessments of the absolute intensity of a stimulus. b. Neural circuits in sensory systems are always convergent. c. The neural representation of sensory input is an exact replica of the physical world. d. The neural representation of sensory input emphasizes some sensory qualities over others. e. Each neuron must be optimized to code both resolution and sensitivityarrow_forward
- Which of the following descriptions of photoreceptors in the eye is NOT correct? a. Cones are concentrated in the fovea of the retina and function to detect colours. b. Rods are concentrated at the periphery and function well in dim light. c. Rods are concentrated in the fovea of the retina and function well in dim light. d. Rods are sensitive to light and register black and white. Cones detect colours.arrow_forwardWhen a single photon from a source of light hits the retina in the eye, it triggers a signal that travels along the optic nerve to the occipital lobe of the brain. The interaction of a photon with the photoreceptors in the retina first causes the movement of sodium ions into a sensory neuron. What happens after the movement of sodium ions? Select one: a. Sodium ions move out of a sensory neuron. b. Potassium ions move out of a sensory neuron. c. Sodium ions move into an interneuron. d. Potassium ions move into an interneuron.arrow_forwardCompare the values below. Which is greater, or are the two values equal? A. Size of receptor potential in a hair cell during a weak (quiet) stimulus. B. Size of receptor potential in a hair cell during a strong (loud) stimulus. O A is greater than B O B is greater than A O the values are equalarrow_forward
- Which sensory processing principle listed below best explains why we detect heat sensation when eating foods that contain capsaicin, the molecule found in chili peppers. a. Parallel processing. b. Labeled lines. c. Topographic maps. d. Efferent modulation . e. Neural plasticity.arrow_forwardAt a normal NMJ, action potentials in the skeletal muscle cell can be blocked directly by? A. Curare, which inhibits nicotinic receptors. B. Atropine, which inhibits muscarinic receptors. C. Physostigmine, which inhibits ACHE. D. AP5, which inhibits NMDA receptors. E. Pentobarbital, which enhances the function of GABA on GABAA receptors.arrow_forwardTaste buds are sensory receptors for taste located on the tongue. When a person eats a spicy food, receptors on the tongue pick up a stimulus. The stimulus initiates the movement of ions across the membrane. If the threshold level is reached, an action potential is generated and a signal is sent to the brain telling the brain that the food is spicy. The reason that some individuals have a higher tolerance to spicy food than others is due to a difference in the a. duration of the refractory period b. number of Na+/K+ ion exchange pumps c. strength of the stimulus d. threshold levelarrow_forward
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