Explanation The pathways traveled by an ingested material through the human digestive system: Pictorial representation: The given figure shows the pathway traveled by an ingested material through the human digestive system. Fig.1: The pathway of food through human digestive system The structure and function of each structure in digestion of ingested material: Oral cavity: Oral cavity is the primary part of mouth that begins with mouth and leads to the gastrointestinal tract. That includes the teeth, cheeks, lips, tongue, and surrounding spaces. Mastication (chewing) is a voluntary process of mechanical grinding or crushing the food material with teeth as a part of food digestion. It helps in deglutition (process of swallowing) and digestion of food materials . Ingested food materials are broken down into smaller pieces to increase the surface area to facilitate the food passage from mouth to stomach (for further enzymatic breakdown) through esophagus. Salivary glands: Exocrine glands present in the mammals that produce saliva is called the salivary glands. Salivary glands secrete saliva to moisturize and lubricate the food particles. Along with that, saliva that contains amylase enzyme begins the carbohydrates digestion in the mouth. Pharynx: Throat or pharynx is a five inch long muscular tube present in both vertebrates and invertebrates. It is composed of mucosal membrane linings. This tube acts as a channel for both food and air transport in the body. Swallowing is facilitated by the lubrication provided by the mucus secreted in saliva and superior part of the pharynx. Esophagus: A long muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach is called the esophagus (food pipe). The esophagus is situated behind the windpipe (that carries oxygen to the lungs). Its primary function is to direct the food from the mouth to the stomach. Stomach: Stomach is a major organ present in the digestive system. It is a hollow organ that produces different proteins and enzymes for breaking down the food into simpler compounds. Liver: Liver is the largest organ that is present only in vertebrates weighs around 3.5 pounds. It is one of the major additional organs of the digestive system which plays a critical role in proper digestion of food materials and absorption of nutrients. Gallbladder: Gallbladder is one of the additional organs that support the digestive process. Gallbladder helps to store bile (a thick yellow fluid produced by the liver that helps in lipid digestion) before its release to the small intestine...

10th Edition

ISBN: 9781285423586

Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher: Cengage Learning

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Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 47.2, Problem 2LO

Summary Introduction

To trace: The pathways traveled by an ingested material through the human digestive system and describe the structure and function of each structure involved.

Introduction: Digestive system consists of a collection of organs that helps in the digestion of food materials and converting them into the basic energy-rich molecules for supplying them to the entire body. Several organs are involved in the digestive system that starts from the mouth and ends at the anus. Complex food materials are converted to the simplified and utilizable form and the left over waste materials are stored in large intestine where it is expelled from the body.

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Chapter 47 Solutions

Biology (MindTap Course List)

Ch. 47.1 - Prob. 1LO Ch. 47.1 - Prob. 1C Ch. 47.1 - Prob. 2C Ch. 47.1 - Prob. 3C Ch. 47.2 - Prob. 2LO Ch. 47.2 - Prob. 3LO Ch. 47.2 - Describe the structural adaptations that increase...Ch. 47.2 - Prob. 5LO Ch. 47.2 - Imagine that you have just taken a bite of a...Ch. 47.2 - How are villi in the small intestine functionally...

Ch. 47.2 - What are the functions of each of the following:...Ch. 47.2 - Prob. 4C Ch. 47.3 - Prob. 6LO Ch. 47.3 - Prob. 7LO Ch. 47.3 - Prob. 1C Ch. 47.3 - Prob. 2C Ch. 47.3 - Prob. 3C Ch. 47.4 - Contrast basal metabolic rate with total metabolic...Ch. 47.4 - Prob. 9LO Ch. 47.4 - Prob. 10LO Ch. 47.4 - Prob. 1C Ch. 47.4 - Prob. 2C Ch. 47.4 - How do melanocortins, neuropeptides Y (NPY),...Ch. 47 - Test Your Understanding 1 Teeth adapted for...Ch. 47 - Prob. 2TYU Ch. 47 - Prob. 3TYU Ch. 47 - Test Your Understanding 4 Arrange the following...Ch. 47 - Test Your Understanding 5 Which sequence most...Ch. 47 - Prob. 6TYU Ch. 47 - Lipids are transported from the intestine to the...Ch. 47 - Test Your Understanding 8 Most vitamins are (a)...Ch. 47 - Prob. 9TYU Ch. 47 - Prob. 10TYU Ch. 47 - Prob. 11TYU Ch. 47 - Prob. 12TYU Ch. 47 - Prob. 13TYU Ch. 47 - Prob. 14TYU Ch. 47 - Prob. 15TYU

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