Cambell Biology 11e Vol1 For Utah Valley University Ch 1-25
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781323691519
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 48.4, Problem 2CC
Some pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine. Explain how these toxins would affect EPSPs produced by acetylcholine.
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The Structure of the acetylcholine receptor is shown below:
D. Briefly indicate what the role of the acetylcholine receptor is in an action potential.
Correct the following false statement:
"Any cell that has the acetylcholine receptor will have the same response as any other cell that also has the acetylcholine receptor when exposed to acetylcholine".
Explain why this statement is false.
The Structure of the acetylcholine receptor is shown below:
C. What type of channel is the acetylcholine receptor and what activates it?
Chapter 48 Solutions
Cambell Biology 11e Vol1 For Utah Valley University Ch 1-25
Ch. 48.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.1 - Describe the basic pathway of information flow...Ch. 48.1 - WHAT IF? How might increased branching of an axon...Ch. 48.2 - Under what circumstances could ions flow through...Ch. 48.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose a cell's membrane potential...Ch. 48.2 - MAKE CONNECTiONS Review Figure 7.10, which...Ch. 48.3 - How do action potentials and graded potentials...Ch. 48.3 - In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros,...Ch. 48.3 - How do both negative and positive feedback...Ch. 48.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodium...
Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.4 - Some pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the...Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 48 - How would severing an axon affect the flow of...Ch. 48 - Suppose you placed an isolated neuron in a...Ch. 48 - Prob. 48.3CRCh. 48 - Prob. 48.4CRCh. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Where are neurotransmitter receptors located? (A)...Ch. 48 - Why are action potentials usually conducted in one...Ch. 48 - Which of the following is the most direct result...Ch. 48 - Suppose a particular neurotransmitter causes an...Ch. 48 - WHAT IF? Ouabain, a plant substance used in some...Ch. 48 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 48 - DRAW IT Suppose a researcher inserts a pair of...Ch. 48 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION An action potential is an...Ch. 48 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 48 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Sarin is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Draw a mechanism that shows this.arrow_forwardThe graph shows a tracing of membrane potential change during the course of an action potential in a typical neuron. Predict the effect of exposure to the following neurotoxins. Briefly explain how you would expect the action potential to change in the presence of each toxin and why. A toxin produced by puffer fish which specifically binds to voltage-gated sodium channels and blocks the flow of sodium ions through the channel. A toxin found in scoprion venom which slows the closure of voltage-gated sodium channel inactivation gates. Assume that the cell is normally brought to threshold by an electrical stimulus applied to it, so that any change is due only to the presence of the toxin Precise values for voltage and duration are not important, just a general trend in how the action potential may differ from the typical trace shown is expected.arrow_forwardAcetylcholine is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is responsible for initiating muscle movement. Consider the scenario where a mouse was bitten by a snake that injected venom into their circulatory system. The venom has an inhibitory effect on the reuptake of acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft. Explain how the mouse’s body would respond to the venom as well as the venoms effect at the cellular level.arrow_forward
- After discussing his case with his physician, he learned that he had probably been the victim of pufferfish poisoning. The active toxin in the tissues of this fish is a chemical called tetrodotoxin (TTX). Tetrodotoxin is in a class of chemicals known as neurotoxins because it exerts its effects on neurons. The specific action of tetrodotoxin is that it blocks voltage-gated sodium ion channels. Define the following phrases and terms associated with the signs and symptoms of Dr. Westwood’s TTX poisoning: diaphoresis motor dysfunction paresthesias cyanotic hypoventilating bradycardia gastric lavage oxygen saturation As mentioned in the case description, tetrodotoxin is a molecule that blocks voltage-gated sodium ion channels. What is a voltage-gated sodium ion channel and what is its function? When nerve cells are at rest, there is an unequal amount of positive and negative charges on either side of a nerve cell membrane. This charge difference creates an electrical potential.…arrow_forwardMalathion is an insecticide commonly used in the horticultural industry. Many homeowners apply this chemical to their trees to rid them of infestation by aphids or other insects. Malathion is classified as an organophosphate insecticide. Exposure to malathion is very dangerous to humans and animals because it acts as an irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Predict what might happen to synaptic communication between cholinergic neurons if an individual or animal was poisoned with malathion, and clearly describe the mechanisms at work.arrow_forwardOrganophosphate poisoning is a result of excess acetylcholine at different nerves and receptors in the body because acetylcholinesterase is blocked. Please provide rational to explain how the binding of organophosphate with serine in the acetylcholinesterase enzyme leads to excess accumulation of acetylcholine.arrow_forward
- Cone snails, krait snakes, and poison-dart frogs (dendrobatidfrogs) have independently evolved venoms that block the muscleacetylcholine receptor. Why do you suppose this receptor has sooften become a target of venoms? Explain your answer in termsof the cellular mechanisms involved.arrow_forwardAcetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that, when bound to its receptor, causes the receptor to open a channel that allows the flow of Na+ ions into neurons. When the Na+ ions begin to flow into the neuron, this change in the net charge across the neuronal cell membrane often triggers Ca2+ ion channels to open. In this scenario, the acetylcholine receptor would be acting as a channel, and the Ca2+ channels would be classified as voltage-gated; leaky ligand gated; voltage-gated symporter; antiporter None of the above. ionarrow_forwardWhich of the following structures has activity like acetylcholine? HyC H-C HC NMeg NMey D]arrow_forward
- A patient has been exposed to the organophosphate pesticide malathion,which inactivates acetylcholinesterase. Which of the following symptoms would you predict: blurring of vision, excess tear formation, frequent or involuntary urination, pallor (pale skin), muscle twitching, orcramps? Would atropine be an effective drug to treat the symptoms?(See Clinical Impact 16.2 for the action of atropine.) Explain.arrow_forwardOne treatment for myasthenia gravis is a medication that blocks the activity of acetylcholinesterase. Suggest why this might be a successful treatment.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between inactivate and closed Na+ channels?Explain how a salty flavor is transduced into an action potential. Describe each step in an action potentialarrow_forward
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