(a)
Interpretation:
The reason for the
(a)
Explanation of Solution
Electron affinity is the energy required to add an electron to the neutral atom.
The electronic configuration of neutral selenium and selenium anion is written as follows:
The electronic configuration of neutral bromine and bromine anion is written as follows:
Addition of one electron to bromine gives a noble gas configuration. Hence, it is very stable. So, selenium has lower electron affinity than bromine.
(b)
Interpretation:
The reason for the first ionization energy of aluminum being lower than that of magnesium has to be explained using electron configurations.
(b)
Explanation of Solution
The ionization energy is the energy required to remove the outermost electron in an atom.
The electronic configuration of neutral aluminum and aluminum cation is written as follows:
The electronic configuration of neutral magnesium and magnesium cation is written as follows:
The magnesium atom has all subshells filled. So, removing an electron requires more energy. Hence, aluminum has lower first ionization energy than magnesium.
(c)
Interpretation:
The reason for the first ionization energy of sulfur being lower than that of phosphorus has to be explained using electron configurations.
(c)
Explanation of Solution
The ionization energy is the energy required to remove the outermost electron in an atom.
The electronic configuration of neutral sulfur and sulfur cation is written as follows:
The electronic configuration of neutral phosphorus and phosphorus cation is written as follows:
The phosphorus atom has half-filledp-subshell. So, removing an electron requires more energy. Hence, sulfur has lower first ionization energy than phosphorus.
(d)
Interpretation:
The reason for the first ionization energy of bromine being lower than that of chlorine has to be explained using electron configurations.
(d)
Explanation of Solution
The ionization energy is the energy required to remove the outermost electron in an atom.
The electronic configuration of neutral bromine and bromine cation is written as follows:
The electronic configuration of neutral chlorine and chlorine cation is written as follows:
The electron removed from chlorine is from
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
- Of the five elements Al, Cl, I, Na, Rb, which has the most exothermic reaction? (E represents an atom.) What name is given to the energy for the reaction? Hint: note the process depicted does not correspond to electron affinity E+(g)+eE(g)arrow_forwardUsing electron configurations, would you expect the electron affinity of tellurium (Te) to be greater than, less than, or equal to that of iodine (I)? The electron affinity of tellurium is (greater than, less than, or equal to) that of iodine.arrow_forwardwhy the first ionisation energy of Beryllium is higher than the first ionisation energy of Boron ?arrow_forward
- Which main group atom would be expected to have the lowest second ionization energy?arrow_forwardWhich has a greater ionization energy, N or P and whyarrow_forwardExplain why atomic radius decreases as we move to the right across a period for main-group elements but not for transition elements.arrow_forward
- Describe the Trends in Ionization Energy?arrow_forwardWhich has the larger second ionization energy, lithium or beryllium? Why?arrow_forwardWhen considering the first and second ionization energies of rubidium (Rb), the first ionization energy (is less than, is equal to, is greater than, or cannot be compared to) the second ionization energy.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax