(a)
Interpretation:
The effective nuclear charge on two p electrons in
Concept Introduction:
Calculation of effective nuclear charge:
The effective
(a)
Explanation of Solution
These
(b)
Interpretation:
The calculated effective nuclear charge consistent with relative size of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part a.
(b)
Explanation of Solution
These
The calculated effective nuclear charges are larger for more positive ions in an isoelectronic series. A greater effective nuclear charge has the capacity to pull the electrons closer to the nucleus, making the ions smaller. This does explain the reduction in relative sizes for more positive ions.
(c)
Interpretation:
The effective nuclear charge on four d electrons in a tin atom has to be calculated.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part a.
(c)
Explanation of Solution
The electron configuration of tin is given by
There are four electrons in a group to the right of
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Chapter 5 Solutions
OWLv2 for Moore/Stanitski's Chemistry: The Molecular Science, 5th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months)
- Palladium, with an electron configuration of [Kr] 4d10, is an exception to the aufbau principle. Write the electron configuration of the 2+ cation of palladium. Does the fact that palladium is an exception influence the electron configuration of Pd2+?arrow_forward5. The atoms and ions Ne, N³-, F, Mg2+, and Si4+ are part of an isoelectronic series. (a) Which of these will have the smallest effective nuclear charge acting on the outermost electron? (b) Which one possess the greatest effective nuclear charge? (c) Which ion will be the largest in size? Explain why.arrow_forwardb) For each pair indicate which Ion you would expect to have the largest Radius: (a) 02 and O; (b) N³ and Mg2+ (c) Al3* and Alarrow_forward
- la) For each of the following pairs indicate which element you would expect to have the larger First Ionization Energy and which one would have the larger radius: (a) Ca and Cl; (b) Sn and Tl; (c) Ba and Bi (d) Fr and Cs b) For each pair indicate which Ion you would expect to have the largest Radius: (a) 0²- and O; (b) N³ and Mg²+ (c) Al3* and Al ne Elearrow_forwardThe electron in the hydrogen atom (in its ground state) orbits the nucleus at a distance of 0.5292 Å. (a) Calculate the gravitational force and (b) the electrostatic force of attraction between the two. (c) Comment on the magnitude and the importance of these two forces. [G, gravitational constant = 6.672 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2; 4+Єo = 1.113 x 10-10 C2 m-1 J-1]arrow_forwardParticles called muons exist in cosmic rays and can be created in particle accelerators. Muons are very similar to electrons, having the same charge and spin, but they have a mass 207 times greater. When muons arecaptured by an atom, they orbit just like an electron but with a smaller radius, since the mass in aB =0.529x 10-10 m is 207 me .(a) Calculate the radius of the n=1 orbit for a muon in a uranium ion( Z=92).(b) Compare this with the 7.5-fm radius of a uranium nucleus. Note that since the muon orbits inside the electron, it falls into a hydrogen-like orbit. Since your answer is less than the radius of the nucleus, you can seethat the photons emitted as the muon falls into its lowest orbit can give information about the nucleus.arrow_forward
- Consider these ground-state ionization energies of one-electron species:H=1.31X10³kJ/mol ,He⁺=5.24X10³kJ/mol Li²⁺=1.41X10⁴kJ/mol (a) Write a general expression for the ionization energy of anyone-electron species. (b) Use your expression to calculate theionization energy of B⁴⁺. (c) What is the minimum wavelengthrequired to remove the electron from the n=3 level of He⁺?(d) What is the minimum wavelength required to remove the electron from the n=2 level of Be³⁺?arrow_forwardConsider an electron in the N shell. (a) What is the smallest orbital angular momentum it could have? (b) What is the largest orbital angular momentum it could have? Express your answers in terms of h and in SI units. (c) What is the largest orbital angular momentum this electron could have in any chosen direction? Express your answers in terms of h and in SI units. (d) What is the largest spin angular momentum this electron could have in any chosen direction? Express your answers in terms of h and in SI units. (e) For the electron in part (c), what is the ratio of its spin angular momentum in the z-direction to its orbital angular momentum in the z-direction?arrow_forward(i) Write the equation that represents the first electron affinity of Selenium (Se). (ii) Do you expect this process to be exothermic or endothermic? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- (a) Describe the trends of atomic size and ionization energy, respectively, in the Periodic Table: (1) from left to right across a period, and (ii) from top to bottom down a group. (b) Rank the following elements: Na, Mg, Al, and K, in increasing order of: (i) atomic size; (ii) ionization energy, and (iii) reactivity. (c) Rank the following elements: F, CI, Br and I, in increasing order of: (i) atomic size; (ii) electron affinity, (iii) electronegativity, and (iv) reactivity.arrow_forwardFind Zeff using Slater's Rules:arrow_forwardNa +, K +, Ca 2 +, and Mg 2 + are the four major cations in the body. For each cation, give the following information: (a) the number of protons; (b) the number of electrons; (c) the noble gas that has the same electronic confi guration; (d) its role in the body.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co