Concept explainers
Calculate the effective nuclear charge, Z*, on these electrons in a tin atom (a) 5s; (b) 5p; and (c) 4d.
(a)
Interpretation:
The effective nuclear charge on five s electrons in a tin atom has to be calculated.
Concept Introduction:
Calculation of effective nuclear charge:
The effective nuclear charge equation
Explanation of Solution
The electron configuration of tin is given by
There is no electron group to the right of the
(b)
Interpretation:
The effective nuclear charge on five p electrons in a tin atom has to be calculated.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part a.
Explanation of Solution
The electron configuration of tin is given by
The electron is in the same group as
(c)
Interpretation:
The effective nuclear charge on four d electrons in a tin atom has to be calculated.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part a.
Explanation of Solution
The electron configuration of tin is given by
There are four electrons in a group to the right of
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 5 Solutions
OWLv2 for Moore/Stanitski's Chemistry: The Molecular Science, 5th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months)
- (c) Silicon (Si) is the most common chemical element in today's semiconductor industry. It has an atomic number of 14 and belongs to the Group IV (4) of the periodic table with its most common isotope being Si-29. (i) (ii) (iii) Explain what an isotope is. How many protons and how many neutrons are in the nucleus of this Silicon isotope? What is the electron configuration of Si?arrow_forwardNa +, K +, Ca 2 +, and Mg 2 + are the four major cations in the body. For each cation, give the following information: (a) the number of protons; (b) the number of electrons; (c) the noble gas that has the same electronic confi guration; (d) its role in the body.arrow_forwardb) For each pair indicate which Ion you would expect to have the largest Radius: (a) 02 and O; (b) N³ and Mg2+ (c) Al3* and Alarrow_forward
- The sum of IE1through IE₄ for Group 4A(14) elements shows a decrease from C to Si, a slight increase from Si to Ge, adecrease from Ge to Sn, and an increase from Sn to Pb. (a) What is the expected trend for IEs down a group? (b) Suggest a reason for the deviations in Group 4A(14).(c) Which group might show even greater deviations?arrow_forwardIn a 1911 paper, Ernest Rutherford said: In order to form some idea of the forces required to deflect an alpha particle through a large angle, consider an atom containing a point positive charge Ze at its center and surrounded by a distribution of negative electricity, – Ze uniformly distributed within a sphere of radius R. Derive an expression for the magnitude of the electric field at the center of the atom. - Express your answer using the parameters +Ze and -Ze.arrow_forward3. Classify each of the following elements as a noble gas, a representative element, a transition element, or an inner-transition element. Also state whether the element is paramagnetic or diamagnetic: (a) potassium; (b) phosphorous; (c) promethium; (d) platinum; (e) krypton.arrow_forward
- Identify the shell, subshell, and number of electrons for the following: (a)2p3 . (b) 4d9 . (c) 3s1 . (d) 5g16 .arrow_forwardWhen a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it forms an oxoacid with the same oxidation number as the nonmetal. Give the name and formula of the oxide used to prepare each of these oxoacids: (a) hypochlorous acid; (b) chlorous acid; (c) chloric acid; (d) perchloric acid; (e) sulfuric acid; (f ) sulfurous acid; (g) nitric acid; (h) nitrous acid; (i) carbonic acid; ( j) phosphoric acid.arrow_forwardla) For each of the following pairs indicate which element you would expect to have the larger First Ionization Energy and which one would have the larger radius: (a) Ca and Cl; (b) Sn and Tl; (c) Ba and Bi (d) Fr and Cs b) For each pair indicate which Ion you would expect to have the largest Radius: (a) 0²- and O; (b) N³ and Mg²+ (c) Al3* and Al ne Elearrow_forward
- A hydrogen-like ion is an ion containing only one electron. The energies of the electron in a hydrogen-like ion are given by (2.180 × 10-¹5 1) 2² (1) J) E = kJ where n is the principal quantum number, and Z is the atomic number of the element. Calculate the ionization energy, in your answer to 4 significant digits. mol Note: Reference the Fundamental constants table for additional information. ·2+ of the Li²+ ion. Round Iarrow_forwardChoose one group of representative elements (main group elements) and discuss its chemistry by specifying (i) one of its properties, (ii) citing one important reaction that one member of the group undergoes (write the chemical equation), and (iii) mentioning one of the applications/uses of the members of the group. Your answers to i-iii must consist of no more than 20 words each.arrow_forwardIn which of the following species is the difference betweenthe number of protons and the number of electrons largest?(a) Ti2+ (b) P3- (c) Mn (d) Se 2- (e) Ce4+arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY