Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 15TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The evidence that supports evolution of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic membrane from acommon ancestor and active transport.
Introduction:
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are the cells that greatly differ from each other in many aspects. Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that include bacteria, while eukaryotes are mostly multicellular and are more advanced than prokaryotes. Eukaryotes possess well-defined nuclei while prokaryotes lack it.
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Formulate a hypothesis on how bacterial cells use their characteristics to take up hydrocarbons from oil spills. Specify the mode of transport through the cell membrane (active vs. passive/endocytosis vs. exocytosis) and support your claim with scientific reasoning.
Describe how these bacterial cells would take up hydrocarbons if:
they only possessed a cell membrane and lacked the cell wall.
they possessed membrane-bound organelles such as vesicles.
Include in your answer the lipid bilayer, structural components of cell membranes and those of cell walls, and discuss the selective permeability characteristic of membranes.
Facilitated transport differs from diffusion in that facilitated diffusiona. involves the passive use of a carrier protein.b. involves the active use of a carrier protein.c. moves a molecule from a low to a high concentration.d. involves the use of ATP molecules.
Facilitated diffusion differs from active transport in thatfacilitated diffusiona. expends no ATP.b. moves molecules from an area of higher concentration toone of lower concentration.c. does not require a carrier protein for transport.d. moves molecules in vesicles across a semipermeablemembrane.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 5.1 - Describe the fluid mosaic model for membrane...Ch. 5.1 - Give two examples each of integral proteins and...Ch. 5.2 - What is the difference between passive and active...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 5.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 5.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 5.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 5.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 5.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 5 - In the fluid mosaic model: plasma membrane...Ch. 5 - Which of the following statements is false?...Ch. 5 - The freeze-fracture technique demonstrated: a....Ch. 5 - A characteristic of carrier molecules in a primary...Ch. 5 - A driving ion moving through a membrane channel in...Ch. 5 - Phagocytosis illustrates which phenomenon? a....Ch. 5 - Place in order the following events of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 5 - Which of the following statements is true for the...Ch. 5 - Using the principle of diffusion, a dialysis...Ch. 5 - Discuss Concepts The bacterium Vibrio cholera...Ch. 5 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 5 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 5 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 5 - Some cancer cells are insensitive to typical...Ch. 5 - Some cancer cells are insensitive to typical...
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- Discuss the statement: “The most obvious difference between eukaryotic, bacterial, and archaeal cells is in their use of membranes.” Specifically, compare the roles of bacterial and archaeal plasma membranes with those of the organelle membranes in eukaryotes.arrow_forward1. A researcher is studying White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) of a patient infected with Tuberculosis bacteria. He notices that the bacteria are in vesicles in the cytoplasm. How did the bacteria come to be inside the cell? a.Exocytosis b.Pinocytosis c.Receptor-mediated endocytosis d.Transcytosis Active transport must function continuously because ________________. a.facilitated transport opposes active transport b.not all membranes are amphiphilic c.diffusion is constantly moving solutes in opposite directions d.the cell needs ions outside the cell e.plasma membrane wear outarrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of exocytosis, but not true of facilitated diffusion? Select all that apply. A) Involves transport vesicles B) May be used to move a hydrophilic substance to the other side of the membrane C) Requires energy D) Always moves a substance down its concentration gradient E) Always results in a substance exiting from the cell .arrow_forward
- WHAT ARE THE CONCEPT AND IMPORTANCE OF THE FOLLOWINGI. Translocation through the cell membrane a. Animal Cell b. Plant Cell c. Diffusion d. Surface tensionarrow_forwardExplain what parts of the plasma membrane are used for each of the process below. Give one example of each that you have already studied in A&PI (be specific): diffusion, osmosis, filtration, primary active transport, and secondary active transport.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is/are true about transport proteins?I. They carry out biochemical functions that remove nutrients in a cell.II. They are proteins which have high specificity to a single kind of molecule.III. They function to accumulate solutes against the concentration gradient.IV. They are highly regulated in a cell.arrow_forward
- Which of the following methods of transport is being used to transfer the substance into the cell in the accompanying graph? a. diffusion down a concentration gradient b. osmosis c. facilitated diffusion d. active transport e. vesicular transport f. It is impossible to tell with the information provided.arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 4. Diffusion is an (a) endergonic process because free energy increases (b) endergonic process because free energy decreases (c) exergonic process because entropy increases (d) exergonic process because entropy decreases (e) more than one of the preceding options are truearrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 5.Which of the following processes requires the cell to expend metabolic energy directly (e.g., from ATP)? (a) osmosis (b) facilitated diffusion (c) all forms of carrier-mediated transport (d) active transport (d) active transport (e) simple diffusionarrow_forward
- Test Your Understanding 6.Electrochemical gradients (a) power simple diffusion (b) are established by pinocytosis (c) are necessary for transport by aquaporins (d) are established by concentration gradients (e) are a result of both an electric charge difference and a concentration difference between the two sides of the membranearrow_forwardIon pumps and phagocytosis are both examples of ________. a. endocytosis b. passive transport c.active transport d. facilitated diffusionarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 7.In cotransport (indirect active transport) (a) a uniporter moves a solute across a membrane against its concentration gradient (b) the move of one solute down its concentration gradient provides energy for transport of some other solute up its concentration gradient (c) a channel protein moves ions by facilitated diffusion (d) osmosis powers the movement of ions against their concentration gradient (e) sodium is directly transported in one direction, and potassium is indirectly transported in the same directionarrow_forward
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Bacterial Structure and Functions; Author: Osmosis;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b15Hy3jCPDs;License: Standard youtube license