HUMAN HEREDITY (LL)-W/MINDTAP ACCESS
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305717022
Author: Cummings
Publisher: CENGAGE L
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 26QP
Suppose that a team of researchers analyzes the heritability of high SAT scores and assigns a heritability of 0.75 for this ability. The team also determines that a certain ethnic group has a heritability value that is 0.12 lower compared with that of other ethnic groups. The group concludes that there must be a genetic explanation for the differences in scores. Why is this an invalid conclusion?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
In a study conducted on human height, heritability estimates that were initially done on children with an average age of 5 years old was 74%. Heritability estimates were again performed on the same individuals when they reached adulthood with an average of 40 years old. The result was 30%. Explain the results.
A personality psychologist is interested if being a snob is heritable. To answer this question a personality psychologist recruits a huge sample of 2,593 identical twins and found that identical twins were similar in how snobby they were with an effect size of r=0.6. They also recruit a huge sample of 1845 fraternal twins and found that fraternal twins were also similar in how snobby they were with an effect size of r=0.4. Calculate the heritability coefficient for being a snob.
Suppose that in a population of Peacocks the phenotypic variance for tail length is 2.5 and the heritability for this trait is 0.4. From a long-term captive population you also have data from a line of completely inbred individuals. In this line the phenotypic variance among individuals is 0.50. Assume that there is no epistatic variance (VI) for this trait. Calculate the following:
What is the total genetic variance for tail length?
What is the additive genetic variance?
What is the dominance genetic variance?
What is the environmental variance?
What is the broad-sense heritability (H2)?
Chapter 5 Solutions
HUMAN HEREDITY (LL)-W/MINDTAP ACCESS
Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 1GRCh. 5.5 - What are the possible advantages or disadvantages...Ch. 5 - After hearing this information, should Sue and Tim...Ch. 5 - Can cleft lip be surgically corrected? Sue and Tim...Ch. 5 - If the child showed a cleft lip through ultrasound...Ch. 5 - Describe why continuous variation is common in...Ch. 5 - The text outlines some of the problems Frederick...Ch. 5 - What role might environment have played in causing...Ch. 5 - Do you think Frederick Williams experiment would...Ch. 5 - As it turned out, one of the tallest Potsdam...
Ch. 5 - Describe why there is a fundamental difference...Ch. 5 - Sunflowers with flowers 10 cm in diameter are...Ch. 5 - Clubfoot is a common congenital birth defect. This...Ch. 5 - Define genetic variance.Ch. 5 - Define environmental variance.Ch. 5 - How is heritability related to genetic and...Ch. 5 - Why are relatives used in the calculation of...Ch. 5 - If there is no genetic variation within a...Ch. 5 - Can conjoined (Siamese) twins be dizygotic twins...Ch. 5 - Dizygotic twins: a. are as closely related as...Ch. 5 - Why are monozygotic twins who are reared apart so...Ch. 5 - Monozygotic (MZ) twins have a concordance value of...Ch. 5 - If monozygotic twins show complete concordance for...Ch. 5 - Researchers set up an obesity study in which MZ...Ch. 5 - What does the ob gene code for? How does it work?...Ch. 5 - What is the importance of the comparison of traits...Ch. 5 - Height in humans is controlled by the additive...Ch. 5 - If diseases such as cardiovascular disease...Ch. 5 - Prob. 24QPCh. 5 - Prob. 25QPCh. 5 - Suppose that a team of researchers analyzes the...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Suppose that you just learned that the narrow-sense heritability of blood pressuremeasured among a group of African Americans in Detroit, Michigan, is 0.4. What doesthis heritability tell us about genetic and environmental contributions to blood pressure?arrow_forwardSuppose that in a population of Peacocks the phenotypic variance for tail length is 2.5 and the heritability for this trait is 0.4. From a long-term captive population you also have data from a line of completely inbred individuals. In this line the phenotypic variance among individuals is 0.50. Assume that there is no epistatic variance (VI) for this trait. Calculate the following: What is the additive genetic variance? What is the dominance genetic variance? What is the environmental variance? What is the broad-sense heritability (H2)?arrow_forwardResearcher 1 studies IQ in the indigenous people of an isolated island with a population of approximately 3000 people. Researcher 2 studies IQ in North America, looking at millions of people who come from a broad range of social and economic backgrounds. Researcher 1 concludes that 70% of the variation in IQ is genetic, whereas Researcher 2 concludes than only 40% of the variation in IQ is genetic. What is the most likely explanation for these different estimates of the heritability of IQ? Group of answer choices The conclusions of Researcher 2 must be flawed, because environment always has a smaller effect on IQ than genetics Widespread use of technology in North America has increased abstract reasoning ability There is less environmental variation among the people being studied by Researcher 1, so there is less opportunity for the environment to cause differences among people IQ tests measure only a subset of the abilities that constitute the concept of intelligencearrow_forward
- Variance in back fat & body length were calculated in a heard of hogs and summarized in the table below. Trait In hogs Back fat Body length Vp 24.5 48.2 VG 15.5 28.4 VA 7.0 12.6 Calculate the narrow-sense heritability for body length, and provide an answer with 2 places behind the decimal. [h²] (Enter an answer with 2 or 3 significant figures)arrow_forwardA researcher uses a 95% confidence interval to test whether an odds ratio of 1.8 is statistically significant (95% CI = 1.3 – 2.6). If the researcher wishes to be more confident and uses a 99% CI, with the same N in each group, the 99% confidence interval will be: A. Narrower because we will have more confidence in the interval.B. Wider, because to be more confident with the same interval you would need alarger sample size.C. Neither. A researcher conducts a prospective cohort study and obtains a Rate Ratio of 2.44 (95% CI 0.81-5.22). In reality there is truly a difference between the exposed group and the unexposed group (the null hypothesis is false). Based on the information provided by the researcher we see that no error has been made. A. True B. Falsearrow_forwardFor what human behaviors ,if any, are you sure that heritability would be extremely low? give at least 2-3sentences.arrow_forward
- In your own words, explain the meaning of the term heritability.Why is a heritability value valid only for a particular population ofindividuals raised in a particular environment?arrow_forwardIf the environmental variance (VE) increases and all other variance components remainthe same, what will the effect be?a. Broad-sense heritability will decrease.b. Broad-sense heritability will increase.c. Narrow-sense heritability will increase.d. Broad-sense heritability will increase, but narrow-sense heritability will decrease.arrow_forwardA hypothetical study investigated the vitamin A content and thecholesterol content of eggs from a large population of chickens.The variances (V) were calculated, as shown at the top of the nextcolumn: Variance Vitamin A CholesterolVP 123.5 862.0VE 96.2 484.6VA 12.0 192.1VD 15.3 185.3 Calculate the narrow-sense heritability (h2) for bothtraits.arrow_forward
- Two inbred lines of rice are intercrossed. In the F1, the variance in panicle weight is measured to be 12 g2. The F1 is selfed, and in the F2, the variance in panicle weight is 38 g2. Estimate the broad sense heritability of panicle weight in the F2 population of this experiment. If there is no genetic variation within a population for a given trait, what is the broad sense heritability value for the trait in the population?arrow_forwardA group of students were invited to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). The ability to taste PTC is inherited by a single pair of genes. The allele for tasting T is dominant over the allele for non-tasting t. Among 798 students, 60.4% were tasters. What is the frequency of the allele for non-PTC tasting in the population?arrow_forwardIn a study of coat colour in beach mice, researchers measured the darkness of the fur on the backs of 50 breeding pairs and their offspring performed a regression of offspring phenotypes on midparent values. The slope of the regression was 0.67 and the regression explained 75% of the variation. Question= In a journal article based on these results, the researchers reported a narrow-sense heritability estimate of ???arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Genetic Variation and Mutation | 9-1 GCSE Science Biology | OCR, AQA, Edexcel; Author: SnapRevise;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLP8udGGfHU;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY