Interpretation:
The three dimensional formulas for each isomer are to be written. Among all isomers, the chiral isomer is to be checked. The number of fractions obtained and optically active fractions are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The molecules that are nonsuperimposable or not identical with their mirror images are known as chiral molecules.
The stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable on each other and not mirror images of each other are known as diastereomers.
The achiral compounds in which plane of symmetry is present internally and consists of chiral centres are known as meso compounds, but they are optically inactive.
Enantiomers are stereoisomers whose molecules have nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other.
A chiral molecule is one that has nonsuperimposable mirror image and an achiral molecule is one that has superimposable mirror image.
The compounds that have the same molecular formula of atoms but the structure of the compounds are different for the positions of atoms are called isomers.
In double bond or cyclic compounds, if two same
If the two functional groups are present on the different sides of the double bond or cyclic compound, the given compound can be labeled as Trans.
Cis-trans isomerism exists in the compounds in which similar groups are present on the adjacent carbon atoms.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 5 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-ETEXT REG ACCESS
- Your chemistry professor draws a number of molecules on the board: (1) CH4 ; (2) H2C=CH2 ; (3) H2C=C=CH2 ; and (4) H2C=C=C=CH2. You muse about all the molecules that chemists draw on a two-dimensional board and wonder which ones are actually planar, existing basically as they appear on the board, and which ones are not plane but rather three-dimensional. Answer ALL of the following questions. What are the specific orbital overlaps (i.e., sp3-sp3) that are in each of the molecules? What are the bond angles for each central atom in each molecule? Which molecules are planar and which are non-planar?arrow_forward(a) how many stereoisomers are possible? (b) how many chiral carbons are in the structure? (c) is this optically active?arrow_forward3 (a) Give the structural formulae of all the chain isomers of C5H12. (b) Give two position isomers of the molecule that has the following molecular formula: C-H₁0 (c) Give the two functional group isomers having the molecular formula: C₂H₂Oarrow_forward
- 1: In the sweetening MEROX process for kerosene the mercaptans are converted into (a) Sulpher (b) Disulphide (c) Hydrogen sulphide (d) None of these 2: Which of the following products contain maximum sulphur? (a) Diesel fuel (b) Fuel oil (c) Jet fuel (d) LPG 3: Which of the following petroleum product has a maximum C/H ratio (by weight)? (a) Light diesel oil (b) Fuel oil (c) Naphtha (d) Heating oil 4: Which of the following hydrocarbon are most desirable in gasoline? (a) Paraffins (b) Isoparaffins (c) Naphthenes (d) Aromatic 5: Octane no. of paraffins: (a) Remain constant with change in the number of carbon atoms (b) Increases with increase in the number of carbon atoms (c)Decreases with increase in the number of carbon atoms (d)None of the above 6: Which of the following hydrocarbons has a maximum octane number? (a) Benzene (b) Cyclohexane (c) Hexane (d) Iso-hexane 7: Which of the following petroleum products has a minimum flashpoint? (a)Gasoline (b) Kerosene (c) Fuel oil (d) Heating…arrow_forwardA saturated alkanol X has the relative molecular mass of 74.0. (a) Give the general formula of alkanol. (b)(i) Deduce the molecular formula of X. (Relative atomic mass of C=12, H=1, O=16) (c)(i) X is optically active. Draw the two enantiomers of X. (ii) Name X.arrow_forwardAccount for the following:(i) The C – Cl bond length in chlorobenzene is shorter than that in CH3 – Cl.(ii) Chloroform is stored in closed dark brown bottles.arrow_forward
- An alkane, P, has the molecular formula, C,H.. An alkene, Q, has the molecular formula, C H,. (a) Name P and Q ánd write their full structural formulae. (b) State two differences between P and Q in terms of their structures. x'arrow_forward(a) What structural feature is associated with each type of hydrocarbon: alkane, cycloalkane, alkene, and alkyne?(b) Give the general formula for each type.(c) Which hydrocarbons are considered saturated?arrow_forwardCompound W shows stereoisomerism. Draw spatial formulae to show this isomerism Describe the physical property which could be used to distinguish between the Isomers.arrow_forward
- Illustrate the chemical structural formula for 3-methyl-3-ethylpentane. (b) Identify its chemical family as an isomer. (c) Provide the balanced chemical reaction equation for the combustion of one mole of this fuel with an equivalence ratio of ϕ=0.735arrow_forward(a) What is meant by the term isomer ? (b) Among the four alkanes, ethane, propane, butane, and pentane, which is capable of existing in isomeric forms?arrow_forwardWrite the structures of the following organic halogen compounds :(i) 4-tert-Butyl-3-iodoheptane(ii) 4-Bromo-3-methylpent-2-enearrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY