Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780393912340
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss, Natalie Foster
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.105QA
Interpretation Introduction

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If 1+ cations of homonuclear diatomic molecules of the second-row elements always have shorter bond lengths than the corresponding neutral molecules.

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Answer to Problem 5.105QA

Solution:

The cations of homonuclear diatomic molecules of the second row elements do not have shorter bond lengths than the corresponding neutral molecules.

Explanation of Solution

Bond order and bond length are inversely proportional to each other. When bond order increases the bond length decreases and vice versa. We will find out the bond order of neutral diatomic molecules and their 1+ cations. From that we will check if the bond length of the cation is shorter or not.

From the molecular orbital diagram we can find out number of bonding and antibonding electrons. The formula to calculate bond order is as below.

Bond order= 12[number of bonding electrons-number of antibonding electrons]

The molecular orbital diagram for the given molecule with the loss of two electrons forming the corresponding 1+ cation is as shown below. With the help of this diagram we will calculate bond order of each molecule and ion of the second row element.

Bond order of Li2 and Li21+.

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach, Chapter 5, Problem 5.105QA , additional homework tip  1

Bond order of Li2= 122-0=1

Bond order of Li21+= 121-0=0.5

Bond order of Be2 and Be21+.

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach, Chapter 5, Problem 5.105QA , additional homework tip  2

Bond order of Be2= 122-2=0

Bond order of Be21+= 122-1=0.5

Bond order of B2 and B21+.

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach, Chapter 5, Problem 5.105QA , additional homework tip  3

Bond order of B2= 124-2=1

Bond order of B21+= 123-2=0.5

Bond order of C2 and C21+.

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach, Chapter 5, Problem 5.105QA , additional homework tip  4

Bond order of C2= 126-2=2

Bond order of C21+= 125-2=1.5

Bond order of N2 and N21+.

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach, Chapter 5, Problem 5.105QA , additional homework tip  5

Bond order of N2= 128-2=3

Bond order of N21+= 127-2=2.5

Bond order of O2 and O21+.

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach, Chapter 5, Problem 5.105QA , additional homework tip  6

Bond order of O2= 128-4=2

Bond order of O21+= 128-3=2.5

Bond order of F2 and F21+.

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach, Chapter 5, Problem 5.105QA , additional homework tip  7

Bond order of F2= 128-6=1

Bond order of F21+= 128-5=1.5

Bond order of Ne2 and Ne21+.

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach, Chapter 5, Problem 5.105QA , additional homework tip  8

Bond order of F2= 128-8=0

Bond order of F21+= 128-7=0.5

Neutral diatomic molecule Bond order of neutral molecule Molecular cation Bond order of cation
Li2 1 Li21+ 0.5
Be2 0 Be21+ 0.5
B2 1 B21+ 0.5
C2 2 C21+ 1.5
N2 3 N21+ 2.5
O2 2 O21+ 2.5
F2 1 F21+ 1.5
He2 0 He21+ 0.5

From the bond order of neutral diatomic molecule and bond order of corresponding +1 cation we can say the bond order is not always increasing. Therefore, 1+ cations of homonuclear diatomic molecules of the second-row elements do not always have shorter bond lengths than the corresponding neutral molecules.

Conclusion:

Bond order is inversely proportional to bond length. From bond order of the neutral diatomic molecule and cations we cannot say the bond length is always shorter than neutral atom.

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Chapter 5 Solutions

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach

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