Chapter 5, Problem 5.114CQ

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The symbol of the element that has the largest atomic size in period 5 should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

According to periodic trends, the atomic size of the element increases from top to bottom, thus, the amount of energy required removing an electron from its outermost shell decreases and it can easily give an electron and show metallic characteristic. Thus, on moving top to bottom, metallic character of an element increases.

Similarly, on moving left to right in a period, atomic size decreases thus, amount of energy required to remove an electron increases and it is difficult to remove an electron. Thus, non-metallic character increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The symbol of the element that has the largest atomic size in group 2A (2) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

According to periodic trends, the atomic size of the element increases from top to bottom, thus, the amount of energy required removing an electron from its outermost shell decreases and it can easily give an electron and show metallic characteristic. Thus, on moving top to bottom, metallic character of an element increases.

Similarly, on moving left to right in a period, atomic size decreases thus, amount of energy required to remove an electron increases and it is difficult to remove an electron. Thus, non-metallic character increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The symbol of the element that has the highest ionization energy in group 8A (18) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

According to periodic trends, the atomic size of the element increases from top to bottom, thus, the amount of energy required removing an electron from its outermost shell decreases and it can easily give an electron and show metallic characteristic. Thus, on moving top to bottom, metallic character of an element increases.

Similarly, on moving left to right in a period, atomic size decreases thus, amount of energy required to remove an electron increases and it is difficult to remove an electron. Thus, non-metallic character increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The symbol of the element that has the lowest ionization energy in period 2 should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

According to periodic trends, the atomic size of the element increases from top to bottom, thus, the amount of energy required removing an electron from its outermost shell decreases and it can easily give an electron and show metallic characteristic. Thus, on moving top to bottom, metallic character of an element increases.

Similarly, on moving left to right in a period, atomic size decreases thus, amount of energy required to remove an electron increases and it is difficult to remove an electron. Thus, non-metallic character increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The symbol of the element that has the electronic configuration $\left[Kr\right]5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^2$ should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

According to periodic trends, the atomic size of the element increases from top to bottom, thus, the amount of energy required removing an electron from its outermost shell decreases and it can easily give an electron and show metallic characteristic. Thus, on moving top to bottom, metallic character of an element increases.

Similarly, on moving left to right in a period, atomic size decreases thus, amount of energy required to remove an electron increases and it is difficult to remove an electron. Thus, non-metallic character increases.