SCIENCE+ENGR.OF MTRLS.-MINDTAP (6 MTHS)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305499119
Author: ASKELAND
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 5.1P
What is the driving force for diffusion?
Expert Solution & Answer
To determine
The driving force for diffusion.
Explanation of Solution
Diffusion is the process of movement of substance from high concentration area to the low concentration area. Diffusion is more in fluid as compare to solid due to less intermolecular force and spacing.
Driving force for diffusion is the gradient of concentration with respect to distance which is expressed as 
with the units of 
Diffusion flux does not depend on the time for steady state diffusion which is expressed as follows:
Here, 
is the diffusion coefficient.
Negative sign shows that diffusion is down the concentration gradient.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
SCIENCE+ENGR.OF MTRLS.-MINDTAP (6 MTHS)
Ch. 5 - What is the driving force for diffusion?Ch. 5 - Give three examples of materials processes that...Ch. 5 - In the carburization treatment of steels, what are...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.4PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.5PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.6PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.7PCh. 5 - A certain mechanical component is heat treated...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.10P
Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.11PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.12PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.13PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.14PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.15PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.16PCh. 5 - Compare the diffusion coefficients of carb on in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.18PCh. 5 - Activation energy is sometimes expressed as...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.20PCh. 5 - The activation energy for the diffusion of copper...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.22PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.23PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.24PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.25PCh. 5 - Write down Fick’s first law of diffusion. Clearly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.27PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.28PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.29PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.30PCh. 5 - A 1-mm-thick BCC iron foil is used to separate a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.32PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.33PCh. 5 - A 0.001 in. BCC iron foil is used to separate a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.35PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.36PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.37PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.38PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.39PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.40PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.41PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.42PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.43PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.44PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.45PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.46PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.47PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.48PCh. 5 - Pure zinc is to be diffused into copper by dipping...Ch. 5 - Nitriding is a process in which nitrogen is...Ch. 5 - Determine the carburizing time necessary to...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.52PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.53PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.54PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.55PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.56PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.57PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.58PCh. 5 - Compare the rate at which oxygen ions diffuse in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.60PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.61PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.62PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.63PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.64PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.65PCh. 5 - A 0.80% C steel must operate at 950°C in an...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.67PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.68PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.69PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.70PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.71PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.72PCh. 5 - Most metals and alloys can be processed using the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.74PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.75PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.76PCh. 5 - A ceramic part made from MgO is sintered...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.78PCh. 5 - What are the advantages of using hot pressing and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.80PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.81DPCh. 5 - Design a spherical tank, with a will thickness of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.83DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.84DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.85DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.86CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.87CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.88CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.1KP
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- Answer in a brief and concise essay. 1. Why does diffusion in solids important?arrow_forwardThe diffusion coefficients for iron in nickel are given at two temperatures: T(K) D(m2/s) 1273 9.4 x 10-16 1473 2.4 x 10-14 (a) Determine the values of D0 and the activation energy Qd. (b) What is the magnitude of D at 1100ºC (1373 K)?arrow_forwardDiffusion of carbon into the surface of BCC steel at 600oC for 10 hours results in a carbon concentration of 0.2wt% at a depth of 1.5 mm below the surface. At what depth will the same concentration be obtained if the diffusion time is increased to 20 hours, leaving the temperature at 600oarrow_forward
- why diffusion coefficients of carbon in BCC and FCC in iron at temperature 912 c are difference? explain ?arrow_forwardThe diffusion coefficient of Ni in Cu at 1025 C is 10-9 cm2 s-1. How long does it take for the mean square root of the distance to be 1 cm?arrow_forwardRank the magnitudes of the diffusion coefficients from greatest to least for the following systems: N in Fe at 700°C Cr in Fe at 700°C N in Fe at 900°C Cr in Fe at 900°C Now justify this ranking. (Note: Both Fe and Cr have the BCC crystal structure, and the atomic radii for Fe, Cr, and N are 0.124, 0.125, and 0.065 nm, respectively. You may also want to refer to Section 5.4.)arrow_forward
- The activation energy for the diffusion of atomic species A in metal B is 118 kJ/mol. Calculate the diffusion coefficient at 840°C, given that the value of D at 1140°C is 6.1 × 10-11 m2/s.arrow_forwardCompute diffusion coefficients for the interdiffusion of carbon in both (a) α-iron (BCC) and (b) γ-iron (FCC) at 1000˚C. Assume that D0 for the interdiffusion of carbon in α-iron and in γ-iron are 1.1 × 10-6 and 2.3 × 10-5 m2/s, respectively, and that Qd are 80 and 148 kJ/mol, respectively.arrow_forwardCompare the diffusion coefficients of carbon in BCC and FCC iron at the allotropic transformation temperature of 912°C and explain the reason for the difference in their values.arrow_forward
- Diffusion of carbon into BCC iron for 12 hours at a temperature of 500 °C results in a carbon concentration of 0.2 wt% at a depth 2 mm from the surface. How long would it take to get a concentration of 0.2 wt% at a depth 3 mm from the surface at 500 °C?arrow_forwardCalculate the diffusion constant, D, for the process at a diffusion temperature of T=1150 ⁰C given that D0 = 5.5 *10-5 m2/s; Qd = 148,000 J/mol.arrow_forwardThe activation energy for the diffusion of copper in silver is 193,000 J/mol. Calculate the diffusion coefficient at 1200 K (927C), given that D at 1000 K (727C) is 1.0 x10^-14 m2 /s.arrow_forward
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