Economics (7th Edition) (What's New in Economics)
Economics (7th Edition) (What's New in Economics)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134739090
Author: Hubbard
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.4.6PA

Sub part (a):

To determine

The optimal size of the park.

Sub part (b):

To determine

The optimal size of the park.

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Power stations emit sulfur dioxide as a waste product. This generates a cost to society that is not paid for by the firm; therefore, pollution is a negative externality of power production. Suppose the government wants to correct this market failure by getting firms to internalize the cost of pollution. To do this, the government can charge firms for pollution rights (the right to emit a given quantity of sulfur dioxide). The following graph shows the daily demand for pollution rights.
Suppose that there is an unregulated market for pesticides. When the factories produce pesticide, they also create waste that they dump into a lake on the outskirts of town. The market for pesticides is given by the following equations (note that Q is in tons, and P is in 1000s of dollars: Demand: P = 8 – Q Supply: P = Q Marginal Social Cost: P = 2 + Q Now suppose the government levies a pollution tax. What is the tax per ton of pesticide that will achieve the socially efficient outcome? If the production of pesticides at any level produces pollution, why is the socially optimal quantity not zero?
Whenever we think of a resource, say forest, the value that immediately comes to our mind is the utility that we drive directly from the resource, such as timber. However as environmental scientist, we know that a forest has other values other than direct use value of economic value of a resource. How can a coral reef area or a forest be a market failure under the tragedy of the commons of Hardin?
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