Chapter 5, Problem 5.56P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The atoms $\text{B,}\text{O,}\text{Ne,}\text{F}$ has to be arranged in order of increasing ionization energy.

Concept Introduction:

Ionization energy is defined as the amount of energy that is required to remove a valence electron from an atom or ion in gas phase.  Ionization energy also follows regular trend in periodic table.  Moving from left to right in the period, the ionization energy increases as the effective nuclear charge increases and on moving down the Group, ionization energy decreases as the electrons are added to the next shell.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The atoms $\text{Te,}\text{I,}\text{Sn,}\text{Xe}$ has to be arranged in order of increasing ionization energy.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The atoms $\text{K,}\text{Ca,}\text{Rb,}\text{Cs}$ has to be arranged in order of increasing ionization energy.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The atoms $\text{Ar,}\text{Na,}\text{S,}\text{Al}$ has to be arranged in order of increasing ionization energy.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).