Segment Analysis
Business can be classified by regions, products or services, types of customers and more; each classification is treated as one segment of the business. Revenues earn from different segments individually, are called segment revenue. Segment revenues are determined from the invoiced data entered in the accounting system. Segment analysis is done to analyze the contribution of different segments to the total operating performance of the company. It is done with the help of horizontal and vertical comparisons.
Horizontal Analysis
This analysis is done to show the trend of various components in financial statements over a period of time. The earliest period is used as the base period and components of financial statements of later periods are compared with the components of the base period.
Vertical analysis
Vertical analysis is the method of financial statement analysis, and it is useful to evaluating a company’s performance and financial condition. Vertical analysis is helpful for analyzing the changes in the financial statements over the time, and comparing the each item on a financial statement with a total amount from the same statement.
To prepare: Horizontal and vertical analysis of the segments.
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ACCOUNTING,CHAP.1-13
- Bay Book and Software has two sales departments: Book and Software. After recording and posting all adjustments, including the adjustments for merchandise inventory, the accountant prepared the adjusted trial balance (shown on the next page) at the end of the fiscal year. Merchandise inventories at the beginning of the year were as follows: Book Department, 53,410; Software Department, 23,839. The bases (and sources of figures) for apportioning expenses to the two departments are as follows (rounded to the nearest dollar): Sales Salary Expense (payroll register): Book Department, 45,559; Software Department, 35,629 Advertising Expense (newspaper column inches): Book Department, 550 inches; Software Department, 450 inches Depreciation Expense, Store Equipment (property and equipment ledger): Book Department, 7,851; Software Department, 2,682 Store Supplies Expense (requisitions): Book Department, 205; Software Department, 199 Miscellaneous Selling Expense (volume of gross sales): Book Department, 240; Software Department, 110 Rent Expense and Utilities Expense (floor space): Book Department, 9,000 square feet; Software Department, 7,000 square feet Bad Debts Expense (volume of gross sales): Book Department, 1,029; Software Department, 441 Miscellaneous General Expense (volume of gross sales): Book Department, 364; Software Department, 156 Required Prepare an income statement by department to show income from operations, as well as a nondepartmentalized income statement (using the Total columns) to show net income for the entire company.arrow_forwardCustomers as a Cost Object Morrisom National Bank has requested an analysis of checking account profitability by customer type. Customers are categorized according to the size of their account: low balances, medium balances, and high balances. The activities associated with the three different customer categories and their associated annual costs are as follows: Additional data concerning the usage of the activities by the various customers are also provided: Required: (Note: Round answers to two decimal places.) 1. Calculate a cost per account per year by dividing the total cost of processing and maintaining checking accounts by the total number of accounts. What is the average fee per month that the bank should charge to cover the costs incurred because of checking accounts? 2. Calculate a cost per account by customer category by using activity rates. 3. Currently, the bank offers free checking to all of its customers. The interest revenues average 90 per account; however, the interest revenues earned per account by category are 80, 100, and 165 for the low-, medium-, and high-balance accounts, respectively. Calculate the average profit per account (average revenue minus average cost from Requirement 1). Then calculate the profit per account by using the revenue per customer type and the unit cost per customer type calculated in Requirement 2. 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION After the analysis in Requirement 3, a vice president recommended eliminating the free checking feature for low-balance customers. The bank president expressed reluctance to do so, arguing that the low-balance customers more than made up for the loss through cross-sales. He presented a survey that showed that 50% of the customers would switch banks if a checking fee were imposed. Explain how you could verify the presidents argument by using ABC.arrow_forwardPint item Segment Analysis Verity Company does business in two customer segments: Retail and Wholesale. The following annual revenue information was determined from the accounting system's invoice information: 20Y5 20Υ4 Retail $145,400 $138,500 Wholesale 173,100 189,300 Total revenue $318,500 $327,800 Prepare a horizontal analysis of the segments. Round percentages to one decimal place. Enter negative values as negative numbers. Verity Company Horizontal Analysis For the Years 20Y4 and 20Y5 20Y5 20Y4 Difference - Amount Difference - Percent Retail $145,400 $138,500 Wholesale 173,100 189,300 Total revenue $318,500 $327,800 Prepare a vertical analysis of the segments. If required, round percentages to one decimal place. Verity Company Vertical Analysis For the Years 20Y4 and 20Y5 20Y5 Percent 20Y4 Amount 20Y4 Percent 20Y5 Amount $138,500 Retail $145,000 189,300 Wholesale 173,100 $327,800 Total revenue $318,500 Check My Work Save and Exit Email Instructor All work saved.arrow_forward
- The Income Statement columns of the August 31 (year-end) work sheet for Ralley Company are shown here. To save time and space, the expenses have been grouped together into two categories. INCOME STATEMENT ACCOUNT NAME DEBIT CREDIT Income Summary 31,100.00 31,130.00 Sales 324,360.00 Sales Returns and Allowances 13,970.00 Sales Discounts 7,620.00 Purchases 126,210.00 Purchases Returns and Allowances 1,020.00 Purchases Discounts 1,110.00 Freight In 8,460.00 Selling Expenses 61,470.00 General Expenses 51,751.00 300,581.00 357,620.00 Net Income 57,039.00 357,620.00 357,620.00 From the information given, prepare an income statement for the company. Ralley CompanyIncome StatementFor Year Ended August 31, 20-- (See images)arrow_forwardThe following selected transactions were completed during April between Swan Company and Bird Company: Apr.2. Swan Company sold merchandise on account to Bird Company, $14,800, terms FOB shipping point, 2/10, n/30. Swan Company paid freight of $330, which was added to the invoice. The cost of the merchandise sold was $9,300. 8. Swan Company sold merchandise on account to Bird Company, $23,000, terms FOB destination, 1/15, n/30. The cost of the merchandise sold was $13,800. 8. Swan Company paid freight of $820 for delivery of merchandise sold to Bird Company on April 8. 12. Bird Company paid Swan Company for purchase of April 2. 18. Swan Company paid Bird Company a refund of $2,000 for defective merchandise in the April 2 purchase. Bird Company agreed to keep the merchandise. 23. Bird Company paid Swan Company for purchase of April 8. 24. Swan Company sold merchandise on account to Bird Company, $11,800, terms FOB shipping point, n/45. The cost of the merchandise sold was…arrow_forwardThe Income Statement columns of the August 31 (year-end) work sheet for Ralley Company are shown here. To save time and space, the expenses have been grouped together into two categories. INCOME STATEMENT ACCOUNT NAME DEBIT CREDIT Income Summary 32,000.00 31,000.00 Sales 324,000.00 Sales Returns and Allowances 13,310.00 Sales Discounts 7,700.00 Purchases 126,360.00 Purchases Returns and Allowances 1,200.00 Purchases Discounts 1,300.00 Freight In 7,500.00 Selling Expenses 61,560.00 General Expenses 50,884.00 299,314.00 357,500.00 Net Income 58,186.00 357,500.00 357,500.00 From the information given, prepare an income statement for the company. Ralley Company Income Statement For Year Ended August 31, 20-- Revenue from Sales: $fill in the blank 2 $fill in the blank 4 fill in the blank 6 fill in the blank 7 Net Sales $fill in…arrow_forward
- The following selected transactions were completed during April between Swan Company and Bird Company:Apr. 2. Swan Company sold merchandise on account to Bird Company, $32,000, terms FOB shipping point, 2/10, n/30. Swan Company paid freight of $330, which was added to the invoice. The cost of the merchandise sold was $19,200.8. Swan Company sold merchandise on account to Bird Company, $49,500, terms FOB destination, 1/15, n/30. The cost of the merchandise sold was $29,700.8. Swan Company paid freight of $710 for delivery of merchandise sold to Bird Company on April 8.12. Bird Company paid Swan Company for purchase of April 2.18. Swan Company paid Bird Company a refund of $2,000 for defective merchandise in the April 2 purchase. Bird Company agreed to keep the merchandise.23. Bird Company paid Swan Company for purchase of April 8.24. Swan Company sold merchandise on account to Bird Company, $67,350, terms FOB shipping point, n/45. The cost of the merchandise sold was $40,400.26. Bird…arrow_forwardThe following selected transactions were completed during April between Swan Company and Bird Company: Apr.2. Swan Company sold merchandise on account to Bird Company, $14,800, terms FOB shipping point, 2/10, n/30. Swan Company paid freight of $330, which was added to the invoice. The cost of the merchandise sold was $9,300. 8. Swan Company sold merchandise on account to Bird Company, $23,000, terms FOB destination, 1/15, n/30. The cost of the merchandise sold was $13,800. 8. Swan Company paid freight of $820 for delivery of merchandise sold to Bird Company on April 8. 12. Bird Company paid Swan Company for purchase of April 2. 18. Swan Company paid Bird Company a refund of $2,000 for defective merchandise in the April 2 purchase. Bird Company agreed to keep the merchandise. 23. Bird Company paid Swan Company for purchase of April 8. 24. Swan Company sold merchandise on account to Bird Company, $11,800, terms FOB shipping point, n/45. The cost of the merchandise sold was…arrow_forwardMULTIPLE-STEP INCOME STATEMENT Use the following information to prepare a multiple-step income statement, including the revenue section and the cost of goods sold section, for Aeitos Plumbing Supplies for the year ended December 31, 20--.arrow_forward
- The following revenue data were taken from the December 31, 2017, General Electric annual report (10-K): For each segment and each year, calculate intersegment sales (another name for transfer sales) as a percentage of total sales. Using Microsoft Excel or another spreadsheet application, create a clustered column graph to show the 2016 and 2017 percentages for each division. Comment on your observations of this data. How might a division sales manager use this data?arrow_forwardANALYSIS OF ACTIVITY MEASURES Based on the financial statement data in Exercise 24-1B, compute the following activity measures for 20-2 (round all calculations to two decimal places): (a) Accounts receivable turnover (b) Merchandise inventory turnover (c) Asset turnoverarrow_forwardArctic Software Inc. has two product lines. The income statement for the year ended December 31 shows the following: The products, Num 1 and Num 2, are sold in two territories, North and South, as follows: The common fixed expenses are traceable to each territory as follows: The direct expenses of Num 1, 160,000, and of Num 2, 140,000, are not identifiable with either of the two territories. Required: 1. Prepare income statements for the year, segmented by territory and including a column for the entire company. 2. Why are direct expenses of one type of segment report not direct expenses of another type of segment report?arrow_forward
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