The Keystone Pipeline in the Chapter 6 opener photo has D = 36 in. and an oil flow rate Q = 590,000 barrels per day (1 barrel = 42 U.S. gallons). Its pressure drop per unit length,
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- A prototype submarine moves at velocity V, in fresh water at 20 °C, at a 2-m depth, where ambient pressure is 128 kPa. Its critical cavitation number is known to be Ca = 0.25. At what velocity will cavitation bubbles begin to form on the body? Will the body cavitate if V = 30 m/s and the water is cold (5 °C)?arrow_forwardAiming a 1.69 in diameter garden hose straight up, forms a “bubbler fountain” that you could easily drink from (but you shouldn’t because of bacteria, etc.). The water flows out the hose and down the sides. If the water has a density of 63.1 lbm/ft^3 and a viscosity of 0.0119 g/cm*s, what is the thickness of the water film (df) (in cm) if the flow rate of water is 6.42 in^3/s? For simplicity, assume the film is thin enough that you can use rectangular coordinates.arrow_forward2. A fan discharges 265 cu.m/min of air through a duct of 92 cm in diameter against a static pressure of 0.022 m of water. The fluid density is 995 kg/cu.m., the air temperature is 29°C and the barometric pressure reading is 730 mm Hg. If the power input to the fan is measured 3.5 hp, what are the total and static fan efficiencies?arrow_forward
- Water is flowing at 0.075 cu.m./sec through a glazed porcelain pipe 400m long and 200mm diameter. The pipe roughness is 0.0015mm. Properties of water: Density: 1,000 g/cu.m., viscosity = 0.001 N-m/sec. What is the velocity of water in the pipe? What is the Reynold's number? Steady State flow exists in pipe that undergoes a gradual expansion from a diameter of 6in. Assuming constant density and the inlet flow velocity is 22.4 ft/sec. What is the size of the exit pipe if the exist flow velocity is 12.6 ft/sec?arrow_forwardA fire hose has an inside diameter of 6.5 cm. Suppose such a hose carries a water flow of 40.5 L/s starting at a gauge pressure of 1.68 × 106 N/m2 . The hose discharges through a nozzle having an inside diameter of 3.4 cm. Take the viscosity of water to be 1.005 × 10-3 (N/m2)⋅s dh = 6.5 cmdn = 3.4 cmP = 1.68 × 106 N/m2Q = 40.5 L/s a. the Reynolds number, NR, for flow in the fire hose to show that the flow must be turbulent, with NR≥ 3000. b. Calculate the Reynolds number, NR, for flow in the fire hose and nozzle to show that the flow must be turbulent, with NR≥ 3000.arrow_forwardAt low velocities (laminar flow), the volume flow Q through a small-bore tube is a function only of the tube radius R, the fluid viscosity ?܇, and the pressure drop per unit tube length dp/dx. Using the Buckingham pi theorem, find an appropriate dimensionless relationship. Make use of Table 1arrow_forward
- A small wind turbine is tested in a wind tunnel using the following model parameters: ρ = 1.2 kg/m3 , µ = 1.81x10-5 Ns/m2 , v = 12 m/s, A = 0.03 m2 and Cp is measured as 0.42. Assuming dynamic similarity exists, calculate the power output of a full-size turbine of diameter 60 m operating in air of density 1.3 kg/m3 and viscosity µ = 1.73x10-5 Ns/m2 with wind speeds of 15 m/sarrow_forwardConsider liquid flow of density ρ , viscosity μ , and velocityU over a very small model spillway of length scale L ,such that the liquid surface tension coefficient Y is important.The quantity ρ U 2 L / Y, in this case, is important and iscalled the( a ) capillary rise, ( b ) Froude number, ( c ) Prandtl number,( d ) Weber number, ( e ) Bond numberarrow_forward6 For incompressible flow, density remains the same Select one: True Falsearrow_forward
- Assume an inviscid, incompressible flow. Also, standard sea level density and pressure are 1.23 kg/m3 (0.002377 slug/ft3) and 1.01 × 105 N/m2 (2116 lb/ft2), respectively. Derive the velocity potential for a doublet.arrow_forwardFluid Mechanics. Pb # 5: Explain Cavitation in Pumps. Support your answer with neat sketches/graphs.arrow_forwardThe pressure drop in a venturi meter (Fig. P3.128) varies onlywith the fluid density, pipe approach velocity, and diameterratio of the meter. A model venturi meter tested in water at20 ° C shows a 5-kPa drop when the approach velocity is 4 m/s.A geometrically similar prototype meter is used to measuregasoline at 20 °C and a flow rate of 9 m 3 /min. If the prototypepressure gage is most accurate at 15 kPa, what should theupstream pipe diameter be?arrow_forward
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