Concept explainers
What is the oxidation number of sodium in the following reaction?
a.
b.
c.
d.
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Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
- The blood alcohol (C2H5OH) level can be determined by titrating a sample of blood plasma with an acidic potassium di-chromate solution, resulting in the production of Cr3+ (aq) and carbon dioxide. The reaction can be monitored because the dichromate ion (Cr2O72) is orange in solution, and the Cr3+ ion is green. The balanced equations is 16H+(aq) + 2Cr2O72(aq) + C2H5OH(aq) 4Cr4+(aq) + 2CO2(g) + 11H2O(l) This reaction is an oxidationreduction reaction. What species is reduced, and what species is oxidized? How many electrons are transferred in the balanced equation above?arrow_forwardChromium has been investigated as a coating for steel cans. The thickness of the chromium film is determined by dissolving a sample of a can in acid and oxidizing the resulting Cr3+ to Cr2O72 with the peroxydisulfate ion: S2O82(aq) + Cr3+(aq) + H2O(l) Cr2O72(aq) + SO42(aq) + H+(aq) (Unbalanced) After removal of unreacted S2O82 an excess of ferrous ammonium sulfate [Fe(NH4)2(SO4)26H2O] is added, reacting with Cr2O72 produced from the first reaction. The unreacted Fe2+ from the excess ferrous ammonium sulfate is titrated with a separate K2Cr2O7 solution. The reaction is: H+(aq) + Fe2+(aq) + Cr2O72(aq) Fe3+(aq) + Cr3+(aq) + H2O(l) (Unbalanced) a. Write balanced chemical equations for the two reactions. b. In one analysis, a 40.0-cm2 sample of a chromium-plated can was treated according to this procedure. After dissolution and removal of excess S2O82, 3.000 g of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)26H2O was added. It took 8.58 mL of 0.0520 M K2Cr2O7 solution to completely react with the excess Fe2+. Calculate the thickness of the chromium film on the can. (The density of chromium is 7.19 g/cm3)arrow_forwardThe Toliens test for the presence of reducing sugars (say, in a urine sample) involves treating the sample with silver ions in aqueous ammonia. The result is the formation of a silver mirror within the reaction vessel if a reducing sugar is present. Using glucose, C6H12O6, to illustrate this test, the oxidation-reduction reaction occurring is C6H12O6 (aq) + 2 Ag+(aq) + 2OH(aq) C6H12O7(aq) + 2 Ag(s) + H2O() What has been oxidized, and what has been reduced? What is the oxidizing agent, and what is the reducing agent? Tolien's test. The reaction of silver ions with a sugar such as glucose produces metallic silver. (a) The set-up for the reaction. (b) The silvered test tubearrow_forward
- Four metals, A, B, C, and D, exhibit the following properties: (a) Only A and C react with 1.0 M hydrochloric acid to give H2(g). (b) When C is added to solutions of the ions of the other metals, metallic B, D, and A are formed. (c) Metal D reduces Bn+ to give metallic B and Dn+. Based on this information, arrange the four metals in order of increasing ability to act as reducing agents.arrow_forwardBalance each of the following oxidationreduction reactions by using the oxidation states method. a.Cl2(g) + Al(s) Al3+(aq) + Cl(aq) b.O2(g) + H2O(l) + Pb(s) Pb(OH)2(s) c.H+(aq)+MnO4(aq)+Fe2+(aq)Mn2+(aq)+Fe3+(aq)+H2O(l)arrow_forwardWhich of the following ions is most easily reduced? (a) Cu2+(aq) (b) Zn2+(aq) (c) Fe2+(aq) (d) Ag+(aq) (e) Al3+(aq)arrow_forward
- Determine the oxidation states of the elements in the following compounds: (a) Nal (b) GdCl3 (c) LiNO3 (d) H2Se (e) Mg2Si (f) RbO2, rubidium superoxide (g) HFarrow_forwardDescribe what you expect to happen when the following solutions are electrolyzed: a aqueous Na2SO4; b aqueous KBr. That is, what are the electrode reactions? What is the overall reaction?arrow_forwardThe Ostwald process for the commercial production of nitric acid involves the Following three steps: 4NH3(g)+5O2(g)4NO(g)+6H2O(s)2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2(g)3NO2(g)+H2O(l)2HNO3(aq)+NO(g) a. Which reaction in the Ostwald process are oxidation-reduction reactions? b. Identify each oxidizing agent and reducing agent.arrow_forward
- Bromine is obtained from sea water by the following redox reaction: Cl2(g) + 2 NaBr(aq) 2 NaCl(aq) + Br2() (a) What has been oxidized? What has been reduced? (b) Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents.arrow_forward(a) Rank the following metals in their ability to function as reducing agents: Hg, Sn, and Pb. (b) Which halogens will oxidize mercury to mercury(II)?arrow_forward
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