Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The vapor pressure of ethanol in kilopascals at
Concept Introduction:
The equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor produces a characteristic vapor pressure for each substance that depends on the temperature. The lowering of the vapor pressure is caused by a lesser ability of the solvent to evaporate, so equilibrium is reached with a smaller concentration of the solvent in the gas phase. The vapor pressure of a solution is expressed using Raoult’s law:
The vapor pressure of the solvent
Mole fraction: Mole fraction of a substance in a solution is the number of moles of that substance divided by the total number of moles of all substances present. The formula is,
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