Chapter 5, Problem 77E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electron configuration for ${\text{Mg}}^{2+}$ ion with the help of periodic table is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Ionic charge is defined as the charge possesses by an ion that result by the gain or loss of an electron by an atom or a molecule. Metals are electropositive in nature because they loss electrons from their outermost shells. Nonmetals are electronegative in nature because they gain electrons in their outermost shells.

Answer to Problem 77E

The predicted electronic configuration of ${\text{Mg}}^{2+}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^6$.

Explanation of Solution

The given positive ion is ${\text{Mg}}^{2+}$.

Magnesium belongs to the group $2$ of a periodic table. The atomic number of magnesium is $12$. The atomic number corresponds to the number of electrons present in an element. Electronic configuration tells about the arrangement of an electron in each subshell and orbit of an atom. The electronic configuration of $\text{Mg}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^2$. It loss two electrons and act as an ${\text{Mg}}^{2+}$ ion. Therefore, the predicted electronic configuration of ${\text{Mg}}^{2+}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^6$.

Conclusion

The predicted electronic configuration of ${\text{Mg}}^{2+}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^6$.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The electron configuration for ${\text{K}}^{+}$ ion with the help of periodic table is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Ionic charge is defined as the charge possesses by an ion that result by the gain or loss of an electron by an atom or a molecule. Metals are electropositive in nature because they loss electrons from their outermost shells. Nonmetals are electronegative in nature because they gain electrons in their outermost shells.

Answer to Problem 77E

The predicted electronic configuration of ${\text{K}}^{+}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^6$.

Explanation of Solution

The given positive ion is ${\text{K}}^{+}$.

Potassium belongs to the group $1$ of a periodic table. The atomic number of potassium is $19$. The atomic number corresponds to the number of electrons present in an element. Electronic configuration tells about the arrangement of an electron in each subshell and orbit of an atom. The electronic configuration of $\text{K}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^1$. It loss one electrons and act as an ${\text{K}}^{+}$ ion. Therefore, the predicted electronic configuration of ${\text{K}}^{+}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^6$.

Conclusion

The predicted electronic configuration of ${\text{K}}^{+}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^6$.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electron configuration for ${\text{Fe}}^{2+}$ ion with the help of periodic table is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Ionic charge is defined as the charge possesses by an ion that result by the gain or loss of an electron by an atom or a molecule. Metals are electropositive in nature because they loss electrons from their outermost shells. Nonmetals are electronegative in nature because they gain electrons in their outermost shells.

Answer to Problem 77E

The predicted electronic configuration of ${\text{Fe}}^{2+}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^6$.

Explanation of Solution

The given positive ion is ${\text{Fe}}^{2+}$.

Iron belongs to the group $8$ of a periodic table. The atomic number of iron is $26$. The atomic number corresponds to the number of electrons present in an element. Electronic configuration tells about the arrangement of an electron in each subshell and orbit of an atom. The electronic configuration of $\text{Fe}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^6$. It loss two electrons and act as an ${\text{Fe}}^{2+}$ ion. Therefore, the predicted electronic configuration of ${\text{Fe}}^{2+}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^6$.

Conclusion

The predicted electronic configuration of ${\text{Fe}}^{2+}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^6$.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electron configuration for ${\text{Zr}}^{2+}$ ion with the help of periodic table is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Ionic charge is defined as the charge possesses by an ion that result by the gain or loss of an electron by an atom or a molecule. Metals are electropositive in nature because they loss electrons from their outermost shells. Nonmetals are electronegative in nature because they gain electrons in their outermost shells.

Answer to Problem 77E

The predicted electronic configuration of ${\text{Zr}}^{2+}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^8$.

Explanation of Solution

The given positive ion is ${\text{Zr}}^{2+}$.

Zinc belongs to the group $12$ of a periodic table. The atomic number of zinc is $30$. The atomic number corresponds to the number of electrons present in an element. Electronic configuration tells about the arrangement of an electron in each subshell and orbit of an atom. The electronic configuration of $\text{Zr}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}$. It loss two electrons and act as an ${\text{Zr}}^{2+}$ ion. Therefore, the predicted electronic configuration of ${\text{Zr}}^{2+}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^8$.

Conclusion

The predicted electronic configuration of ${\text{Zr}}^{2+}$ is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^8$.