Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259188138
Author: Peter H Raven, George B Johnson Professor, Kenneth A. Mason Dr. Ph.D., Jonathan Losos Dr., Susan Singer
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 50, Problem 2U
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
A variety of organs and mechanisms have been evolved in the animals that allow them to cope up with the problems of water balance and excretion of nitrogenous waste. In many animals, removal of salts or water from the body is linked with the
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Chapter 50 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 50 - Which of the following is NOT an ion...Ch. 50 - Prob. 2UCh. 50 - A sharks blood is isotonic to the surrounding...Ch. 50 - An important function of the excretory system is...Ch. 50 - Which of the following is a function of the...Ch. 50 - Humans excrete their excess nitrogenous wastes as...Ch. 50 - An osmoregulator would maintain its internal...Ch. 50 - Prob. 1ACh. 50 - A viral infection that specifically interferes...Ch. 50 - Diuretics are drugs that can be used to treat high...
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- Which of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardAs the text noted, two-thirds of the water and solutes that the body reclaims by reabsorption in nephrons occurs in the proximal tubule. Proximal tubule cells have large numbers of mitochondria and demand a great deal of oxygen. Explain why.arrow_forwardthe process that initiates urine formation in most types of vertebrates is ultrafiltration of fluid from the blood plasma into kidney tubules under the force of blood pressure. What properties of the blood plasma in the urine-forming structures of the kidney are likely to affect the rate of ultrafiltration into the kidney tubules? Why is failure of urine production a potential side effect of heart disease?arrow_forward
- Which type of animals consume little or no energy in maintaining water balance?A. Birds B. Mammals C. Marine vertebrates D. Marine invertebrates The following are involved in the regulation of mammalian kidney function except:A. ADH B. Aldosterone C. Renin D. Oxygenarrow_forwardMany types of fishes live in freshwater. Generally, water moves by osmosis from the surrounding fresh water into the fish's body. This observation helps to explain which feature of the excretory systems of freshwater fishes? a. They tend to produce dilute, watery urine. b. They tend to produce concentrated, dark urine. c. They do not produce urine, but instead conserve or re-use nitrogenous wastes. d. They may produce either dilute or concentrated urine, depending on the activity of the fish.arrow_forwardChoose which of the following substances would be too large to be filtered from the blood into the nephron. a. Urea b. Simple sugars c. Proteins d. Blood cells e. Amino acids f. Electrolytes such as saltsarrow_forward
- How would damage to the renal capillaries resulting in an increase in protein filtration and urinary excretion affect net filtration pressure in the systemic circulation? a. Increase capillary reabsorption due to an increase in interstitial colloid osmotic pressure b. Increase capillary filtration due to an increase in interstitial hydrostatic pressure c. Increase capillary filtration due to a decrease in blood colloid osmotic pressure d. Increase capillary reabsorption due to increased blood hydrostatic pressurearrow_forwardWhich of these is not a function of the kidneys? A) The kidneys regulate the plasma volume B) The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure C) The kidneys help control the rate of red blood cell production D) The kidneys deactivate vitamin D and stimulate the activity of osteoclastsarrow_forwardHow does any type of shock cause oliguria? Question 2 options: a) By stimulating chemoreceptors and osmoreceptors b) By decreasing perfusion to the kidneys c) By decreasing production of antidiuretic hormone d) By decreasing parasympathetic nervous system stimulationarrow_forward
- The return of filtered molecules from the nephron packet to the blood is called a. Excretion b. Reabsorption c. Filtration d. Secretionarrow_forwardIf a kangaroo rat was to drink excessive alcohol, how would that effect him in terms of osmoregulation?arrow_forwardPart 1 Marina is taking a drug that is metabolized into pharmacologically inert, water-soluble by-products before being excreted. What will be the effect of this process? A. Marina's body will be less able to reabsorb the substance before it is excreted. B, Marina's body will be more likely to reabsorb the substance before it is excreted. C.The substance will be inactivated before it is excreted. D. The substance will have its strongest effect just before it is excreted. Part 1a A drug administered via inhalation is absorbed through the nasal membranes and sinuses. True Falsearrow_forward
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