Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 50, Problem 8TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Altruism is the selfless behavior shown by an individual that encourages it to help others. As per Hamilton’s rule, an altruistic gene can spread in a population only when the product of fitness benefit
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Chapter 50 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 50 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 50 - 6. The octopus in the chapter-opening photo can...Ch. 50 - Propose an evolutionary hypothesis to explain the...Ch. 50 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 50 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 50 - 10. J. B. S. Haldane once remarked that he’d be...
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- A population of beetles was scored for color. The frequencies of the genotypes and their relative fitness values are given below. Genotype BB Bb bb Phenotype Black Brown White Frequency 0.16 0.48 0.36 Fitness 0.72 0.82 1 What is the average fitness for color in this population of beetles? What is the frequency of black beetles after selection? What is the frequency of brown beetles after selection? What is the frequency of white beetles after selection?arrow_forwardYou are working on an undergraduate project, studying an insect species. A recent study showed that the pigmentation pattern used for camouflage is made by an enzyme K. However, it has been shown that, when compared to the Kk individuals, the KK homozygotes would have a higher chance of dying from pigment overdose before growing up, while the kk individuals can easily fall to predation before becoming adults. In fact, when compared to the Kk individuals, the estimated selection coefficients for KK and kk are 0.25 and 0.5, respectively. You are interested in what would happen to these alleles. At present, you have conducted a population survey and have 1000 larvae in your collection. Among them, 360 are KK, 480 Kkand 160 kk. 1)How many larvae would survive to adulthood a) 170 b) 414 c)583 d)750 e)830 2)Following up the previous question, what would be the KK genotype frequency at the adult? a) 0.090 b) 0.270 c) 0.325 d) 0.360 e) 0.529 3)Following up on the previous question,…arrow_forwardHow does group selection theory explain the altruistic behavior of animals and why is this explanation problematic for advocates of inclusive fitness theory?arrow_forward
- Describe the difference between density-dependent and density-independent effects on populations.arrow_forwardWhat is the evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) for the payoff matrix below? Cat challenger versus cat opponent = 7 Cat challenger versus dog opponent = 15 Dog challenger versus cat opponent = 10 Dog challenger versus dog opponent = 3arrow_forwardPopulation and Quantitative Genetics. Assume the mean value for Trait A in Generation 0 is 0.5. Mean value for those individuals that reproduce in Generation 0 is 0.75. Selection differential, S is 0.25. Predicted response to selection, R is 0.143. What is the predicted mean trait value in Generation 1?arrow_forward
- Please help with the following: Alleles that increase resistance to disease are expected to increase in frequency in the population as a result of ______________. A. positive selection B. balancing selection C. negative selection D. artificial selectionarrow_forwardDoes Figure 6.5(C) use relative fitness or absolute fitness of the horned lizards in calculating the fitness function? How can you tell from the graph?arrow_forwardYou are studying a population of mulberry plants. The average mulberry produces 55 leaves, but an insect herbivore preferentially kills plants with more leaves, and therefore the remaining population has an average of 35 leaves after the insects kill certain plants due to the herbivory. The heritability of leaf number is 0.75. What is the response to the selection imposed by the insect herbivores? a. -10 leaves b. -20 leaves c. -15 leaves d. -5 leavesarrow_forward
- Using an aggression index score, the mean aggression index (AI) of a population of honey badgers was measured as 8. The mean AI of the reproducing individuals was 3. After a generation of mating the population shows a response to selection (R) of -2 on the aggression index. What is an estimate for the proportion of phenotypic variation that is environmental?arrow_forwardWhich one of these statements about fitness is most accurate? A. Fitness is a measure of strength & health B. Fitness may change at a population level, but is constant for an individual C. Fitness can only be measured at the population level D. Fitness is a measure of reproductive success E. Fitness is an overall measurement that applies to all evolutionary mechanismsarrow_forwardScenario: You are conducting a study on the influence of population density on body mass in leafy seadragons in oceans off the coast of Australia. You are investigating the biological hypothesis that population density influences body length, and the prediction that individual leafy seadragons in higher density populations will have smaller body length. You have randomly sampled 15 leafy seadragon individuals from each of two locations in Australia, one location has a naturally low population density and the other area has a naturally high population density. The descriptive statistics of leafy seadragon body length (in cm) are shown in the table. What value best represents the t-statistic? (only 2 decimal places are given, recall there could be very minor variation due to rounding.) Low population density High population density X̄ 16.3 15.3 s 2.1 1.7 n 15 15arrow_forward
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