CAMPBELL'S BIOLOGY 12E PERUSALL
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135858080
Author: Urry
Publisher: PERUSALL
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Chapter 50.4, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To explain: How is the amplification of signals (increase in signal strength during signal transduction) is beneficial in olfaction.
Concept introduction: GPCRs (G protein coupled receptors) are the membrane receptors that are most diverse and largest membrane receptors in case of the eukaryotes. In all the animals, for the purpose of feeding behavior, the chemical senses are essential. Perceptions of smell (olfaction) depends upon the chemoreceptors.
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Pathways involving G proteins provide an opportunityfor an increase in signal strength in the course of signaltransduction, a change referred to as amplification.How might this be beneficial in olfaction?
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Chapter 50 Solutions
CAMPBELL'S BIOLOGY 12E PERUSALL
Ch. 50.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 50.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 50.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 50.2 - How are otoliths adaptive for burrowing mammals,...Ch. 50.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 50.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 50.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 50.3 - Contrast the light-detecting organs of planarians...Ch. 50.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 50.3 - Prob. 3CC
Ch. 50.3 - Prob. 4CCCh. 50.4 - Explain why some taste receptor cells arid all...Ch. 50.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 50.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 50.5 - Contrast the role of Ca2+ in the contraction of a...Ch. 50.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 50.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 50.6 - Contrast swimming and flying in terms of the main...Ch. 50.6 - MAKE CONNECTIONS. Peristalsis contributes to the...Ch. 50.6 - WHAT IF? When using your arms to lower yourself...Ch. 50 - Sensory receptors transduce stimulus energy and...Ch. 50 - How are music volume and pitch encoded in signals...Ch. 50 - Prob. 50.3CRCh. 50 - Prob. 50.4CRCh. 50 - What are two major functions of ATP hydrolysis in...Ch. 50 - Which of the following sensory receptors is...Ch. 50 - The middle ear converts (A) air pressure waves to...Ch. 50 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 50 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 50 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 50 - Although some sharks close their eyes just before...Ch. 50 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 50 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION In general, locomotion on...Ch. 50 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 50 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay...Ch. 50 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Bloodhounds, which are...Ch. 50 - If an egg rolls out of the nest, a mother greylag...
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- AMPK and mTOR can both be considered intracellular signal integrators. Explain this definition.arrow_forwardWhat type of signal transduction is involved in signaling from hormones such as estrogen and testosterone? Explain the signal transduction pathway that occurs. 1. Is there a short term description for signal transduction, instead wrting multiple words to descripte the type of signal transduction? Can I just identify it as active signal transduction and inactive signal transduction. Based on my understanding, active singal transduction is for the fast react transdcution, while inactive signal transduction meanly refers the hormonal affacts on the system. 2. For Ion channels, specific enzymes are both involed activated and inactivated signal transduction?arrow_forwardHow is an extracellular signal converted to an intracellular signal in signal transduction? Give a specific example.arrow_forward
- After establishing the importance of cGMP in the signaling pathway of the photoreceptor cells, the researchers wish to identify the exact target of cGMP. The researchers suspect that cGMP binds to an ion channel, causing the observed change in the membrane potential between the dark and the light conditions but they are not sure which one. The researchers determine the movement of three different ions (sodium, chloride and potassium) as a function of their respective electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane: ● Sodium tends to enter the cell Chloride tends to enter the cell Potassium tends to leave the cell The researchers therefore propose three simple hypotheses for the effect of cGMP on the membrane potential of the rod photoreceptor cell: ● Hypothesis A: CGMP binds to a sodium-channel, that opens and lets sodium ions diffuse inside the cell. Hypothesis B: cGMP binds to a chloride-channel, that opens and lets loride ions diffuse inside the cell. Hypothesis C: cGMP binds to…arrow_forwardBriefly describe what is signal amplification process using cAMP as the second messenger for examplearrow_forwardList two ways that GPCR signaling transduction can be turned off (go back to inactive state)arrow_forward
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