Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260494570
Author: Raven, Peter
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Textbook Question
Chapter 51, Problem 3S
How are the functions of FSH and LH similar in male and female mammals? How do they differ?
4. You
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10. Researchers have discovered a new compound that is a candidate for birth control. Its proposed
mechanism is to be a progesterone receptor agonist meaning that it binds and activates receptors
that would normally recognize progesterone. Researchers are interested in understanding the efficacy
of the new compound, in other words, how well does its progesterone receptor agonist activity
prevent the possibility of pregnancy. Assume that we are working in a rodent model system (mouse or
rat) and propose a research design to test the efficacy of this compound. This design needs to address
the proposed mechanism that this compound is a progesterone receptor agonist. Include a description
of the variables in the experiment, the treatment groups, the procedure to detect the efficacy of the
proposed mechanism, and an explanation of the results that would be required to confirm the efficacy
of this compound for birth control.
D. Focus
五
2. List (just list) two similarities and two differences between luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). You can consider such aspects as where they are produced, their structures, their functions, etc. From an evolutionary perspective, why do you think they are so similar to each other?
14. Testosterone is a hormone produced by male testes.
The diagram below shows a negative feedback system controlling testosterone
concentration.
Hypothalamus
GnRH
[(+)
Pituitary gland
LH and FSH
[(+)
Testes
(-)
(--)
Key
(+) stimulates
(-) inhibits
Sperm cells
GnRH - gonadotropin-
releasing hormone
LH-luteinising hormone
FSH-follicle-stimulating
hormone
Testosterone
J will reduce testosterone levels by inhibiting LH and FSH.
K will reduce testosterone levels by stimulating GnRH secretion.
L will increase testosterone levels by inhibiting LH and FSH.
M Will increase testosterone levels by stimulating GnRH secretion
Chapter 51 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 51.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 51.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 51.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 51.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 51.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 51.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 51.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 51.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 51.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 51.4 - Explain ovulation and the female reproductive...
Ch. 51.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 51.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 51.5 - Describe causes of infertility.Ch. 51 - Prob. 1DACh. 51 - Why might it be adaptive for an individual to be...Ch. 51 - Prob. 2IQCh. 51 - Why do you think the brain is affected when the...Ch. 51 - You have discovered a new organism living in tide...Ch. 51 - Prob. 2UCh. 51 - Prob. 3UCh. 51 - Which of the following structures is the site of...Ch. 51 - FSH and LH are produced by the a. ovaries. b....Ch. 51 - Prob. 6UCh. 51 - Mutations that affect proteins in the acrosome...Ch. 51 - In humans, fertilization occurs in the____, and...Ch. 51 - The testicles of male mammals are suspended in the...Ch. 51 - Prob. 1ACh. 51 - Which of the following is a major difference...Ch. 51 - Prob. 3ACh. 51 - Internal and external fertilization differ in that...Ch. 51 - Prob. 1SCh. 51 - Why do you think that amphibians and many fish...Ch. 51 - How are the functions of FSH and LH similar in...Ch. 51 - Prob. 4SCh. 51 - Why are all parthenogenic parents female?
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- What would happen if the trophoblast did not secrete hCG upon implantation of the blastocyst? Tire cells would not continue to divide. Tire corpus luteum would continue to produce progesterone and estrogen. Menses would flush the blastocyst out of the uterus. Tire uterine mucosa would not envelop the blastocyst.arrow_forwardSperm must first complete ________ to enable the fertilization of an oocyte. capacitation the aerosomal reaction the cortical reaction the fast blockarrow_forward1. Can a test determine an individual's biological sex? And can testosterone produced by an athlete's own body provide an unfair advantage? 2. At the bottom of the section on development is a graph showing testosterone levels for male and female athletes. Most female athletes have less than 5 nm/L of testosterone, but a few have as high as 30 nmol/L which is above the average for male athletes. Which genetic condition(s) can cause XX individuals to have high testosterone levels? (3) The AR gene codes for a transcription factor which is only functional when testosterone is present. Based on what you know about transcription factors and about sex determination explain (A) Why do XY individuals with a mutation in the AR gene develop as females despite having male levels of testosterone? (B) Would you expect such individuals to be more muscular than an average female? (4) Do the case studies for the sprinter and the swimmer. Should they be eligible to compete? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- 2. What hormones are controlled and secreted by the pituitary gland? * O FSH and estrogen O LH and progesterone estrogen and progesterone O LH and FSHarrow_forward3. Fertilization of the egg in the upper part of the oviduct has álways thought to Be a means less fit, unable to complete the journey. However, recent evidence has showed that sperm actually 'help' each other during the ascent by locking and pulling other sperm along towards the egg. Describe an alternative hypothesis for fertilization in the upper oviduct to the 'most fit sperm' hypothesis and how would you provide evidence? 4. Hormone-based birth control methods deliver synthetic versions of progesterone in high concentrations or estradiol and progesterone in high concentrations. Propose a model as to how this action might prevent unwanted pregnancies? 5. In the recent past, the placenta, which is delivered after the birth of a fetus, was discarded as invaluable. Today, millions of dollars are being grantearrow_forward8. Which of the following statements about oxytocin is correct? A. Dilation of cervix and baby suckling stimulate oxytocin secretion. B. Oxytocin secretion is regulated by negative feedback mechanism. C. Oxytocin is a steroid hormone. D. Oxytocin's half-life is longer than estrogens. E. Oxytocin promotes milk production in the mammary glands.arrow_forward
- 7: Gorillas exhibit sexual dimorphism, which means ... Group of answer choices A: the males are less sexually active than the females. B: the males are larger than the females. C: the males and females are the same size. D: they don’t enjoy sexual relations like Bonobos do. E: they tend to have 1 male and 1 female baby in each pregnancy.arrow_forward4. Martha Peterson is a 16-year-old child who presents to the endocrine clinic. Martha has not had thelarche or menarche, despite her age. She is distraught and states, “All my friends have breasts and look like woman. I still look like a silly little girl. I’ll never find a boyfriend if I look like a boy my whole life.” a. What is the difference between delayed puberty and stalled puberty? b. What other measurements should the nurse take? Why? c. What are the possible causes of delayed puberty? d. What effect does this condition have on Martha’s psychosocial development?arrow_forward5. How do oral contraceptives, specifically birth control pills, prevent pregnancy? I. Birth control pills make the uterine lining inhospitable to a fertilized egg. II. Birth control pills thicken the cervical mucus to hinder sperm movement. III. Birth control pills stop the pituitary gland from producing FSH and LH in order to prevent ovulation. IV. Birth control pills contain high levels of estrogen and progesterone hormones that prevent ovulation. * I, III, and IV only I, II, III, and IV III and IV only O I and II onlyarrow_forward
- 21.What is external to and between the seminiferous tubules and release testosterone in response to gonadotropin LH? 22.How does the brain and gonad related to each other as they function? 23.How are sperm produced? 24.A pluripotent stem cell can become any type of cell in the human body. Explain please.arrow_forward9. The pituitary gland releases follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). This hormone stimulates the ovary to produce around five to 20 follicles (tiny nodules or cysts), which bead on the surface. * A. True B. False 10. The hypothalamus in the brain recognizes these rising levels and releases a chemical called gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GNRH). This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to produce raised levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and FSH. * A. True B. False 11. This hormone is produced by the pituitary gland. It regulates the functions of both the ovaries and testes. * A. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) B. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) C. Estrogen D. Progesterone 12.This hormone plays an important role in sexual development and functioning. In women, LH helps control the menstrual cycle. It also triggers the release of an egg from the ovary. * A. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) B. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) C. Estrogen D. Progesterone 13. helps make women curvier than men by…arrow_forward1. Predict the fertilization problems if the Ca+2 wave gets blocked?2. One of the goals of modern-day pharmacology is to develop a male contraceptive.Go through the steps of fertilization and determine what steps do you think it might be possible to block pharmacologically in order to produce such a contraceptive for males?arrow_forward
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