BIOLOGY-TEXT
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169621
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 52, Problem 2CQ
Summary Introduction
To explain: The differences between the three types of pathogens that the immune system of animals protects against.
Introduction: The body contains a well-defined system to protect itself from infections and harmful agents. This system is known as the immunity system. The two types of immunity systems are innate and adaptive immunity. The immunity that an organism contains from the time of birth is called innate immunity. However, the immunity that the organism acquires during its lifetime is called adaptive immunity.
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Which of the following statements is true of acquired immunity?
It does not involve experience and its forms include phagocytosis and
inflammation.
Acquired immune responses take longer to initiate than natural immune
responses.
An effective immune response occurs even before prior exposure to a particular
antigen.
It consists of a number of inborn processes that help remove foreign substances
from the body.
The body’s immune response comprises innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Virulence is the capacity of a pathogen to cause disease
BOTH statements are FALSE
BOTH statements are TRUE
FIRST statement is FALSE; SECOND statement is TRUE
FIRST statement is TRUE; SECOND statement is FALSE
Complications arise when the immune system does not function properly. Some issues are less pervasive, such as pollen allergy, while others are extensive, such as genetic disorders that wipe out the presence or function of an entire set of immune cells.
Immune Deficiencies
Immune deficiencies may be temporary or permanent. Temporary immune deficiency can be caused by a variety of sources that weaken the immune system. Common infections, including influenza and mononucleosis, can suppress the immune system.
When immune cells are the target of infection, severe immune suppression can occur. For example, HIV specifically infects T cells, and their elimination allows for secondary infections by other pathogens. Patients receiving chemotherapy, bone marrow transplants, or immunosuppressive drugs experience weakened immune systems until immune cell levels are restored. Pregnancy also suppresses the maternal immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections by common microbes.
Primary…
Chapter 52 Solutions
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- ■ Which of the following is considered an innate immunity. Production of antibodies via B lymphocytes Killing virally infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocyte The protective action of lysozymes in tears and saliva [ All of the abovearrow_forwardDescribe the process by which your immune system is able to create antibodies to bacteria which penetrate your skin. Be sure to include ALL cell types and all cell surface antigen/markers involved with this process.arrow_forwardThe defenses created by physical barriers are often supported by chemical barriers (and vis versa), in the innate immune response, as a way to target the normal living conditions of foreign invaders. This may include an acidic environment, a nutrient deprived environment, or sequestering/ blocking an organism into a certain location in the body. True Falsearrow_forward
- The human immune system has a variety of ways to protect us from pathogens, including innate and adaptive defenses. Describe one example of each of these types of defense, including how each example works to protect us.arrow_forwardAll of the following are true of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) EXCEPT: which option below is the answer? None of the other four answers (All are true statements about APCs) They can interact directly with lymphocytes They include macrophages and dendritic cells APCs by themselves cannot distinguish between different microbial antigens, remember them later, or respond specifically to them They are non-specific cells and they play no role in activating or triggering specific immune responsesarrow_forwardAll of the following are true of the lymphatic system, EXCEPT: Lymphatic capillaries lie in close physical proximity to arterial and venous capillaries None of the other four answers (all are true of the lymphatic system) Lymph nodes are located at lymphatic vessel junctions It brings microbial antigens into contact with immunologically active cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) Its only important function is to carry interstitial fluid back to the circulatory systemarrow_forward
- contrast the difference between the adaptive and innate immune system. What cells are involved, which one is most specific and which one is responsible for long lasting immunity. Try to include as much detail as possible when contrasting these two arms of the immune system.arrow_forwardDescribe how the innate and acquired immune systems work as a unit to protect the body against infection.arrow_forwardThe lympathics system includes a network of tissues and organs, which carry the cells and molecules that respond as/ on behalf of the body's immune system. Structures like the thymus and lymph nodes are integral to the adaptive immune response, since cells of the adaptive immune response are either created or stored there until non-self invaders are recognized and cause activation. True or Falsearrow_forward
- What type(s) of biological molecule(s) are the best at inducing immune responses? What properties make these molecules good antigens? (Remember: the biological molecules are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids)arrow_forwardThe immune system can be split into two major categories, the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. Compare and contrast these two systems and their response to a bacterial pathogen that entered the body through a cut in the skin. In your answer describe two ways in which the innate immune system protects against this pathogen, as well as two ways that the adaptive immune system protectS against this pathogen. Be sure to name any cells/organs/tissues/structures that may be involved in each of these processes in order to receive full marks. This can be done as a list in point form.arrow_forwardChoose one component of the innate immune system and explain how it is beneficial. This can be part of the 1st line of defense that keeps things out of the body or the 2nd line of defense to help fight pathogens that make it inside the body. Make sure the component you select is from the innate immune system and be sure to explain its purpose.arrow_forward
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Immune System and Immune Response Animation; Author: Medical Sciences Animations;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDdbUBXPKc4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Immune response: summary; Author: Dr Bhavsar Biology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADANgHkX4OY;License: Standard Youtube License